Costello v. Third Ave. R. Co.

• Citation: 161 N.Y. 317,55 N.E. 897
• Parties: COSTELLO v. THIRD AVE. R. CO.
• Decision Date: 09 January 1900
• Court: New York Court of Appeals

161 N.Y. 317

55 N.E. 897

COSTELLO

v.THIRD AVE. R. CO.

Court of Appeals of New York.

Jan. 9, 1900.

Appeal from supreme court, appellate division, First department.

Action by John Costello, by his guardian ad litem, against the Third Avenue Railroad Company. From a judgment in favor of defendant, dismissing the complaint, affirmed by the appellate division (49 N. Y. Supp. 868), plaintiff appeals. Reversed.

Gray, J., dissenting.

Edmund Luis Mooney, for appellant.

Herbert R. Limburger, for respondent.

BARTLETT, J.

A single question is presented by this appeal, as the learned trial judge held the infant plaintiff guilty of contributory negligence as matter of law. This action was brought to recover damages for injuries received by the plaintiff while attempting to cross Third avenue, in the city of New York, in front of one of the moving cars of the defendant, on the 12th day of August, 1896. The plaintiff was then 8 years old. At the opening of the trial the court asked if it was conceded that the boy was capable of taking care of himself. Counsel replied that he was, to the extent that he was able to conduct himself across the street without bodily harm; to that extent, he was able to take care of himself. The court then said that plaintiff was sui juris for that purpose. Counsel replied that he expected to have the boy charged with that degree of care that in one of his age and intelligence would be expected. The injuries received by plaintiff were of a very serious character, one leg having been amputated below the knee. Other severe wounds were also inflicted.

As we are reviewing a judgment upon a nonsuit, the plaintiff is entitled to the benefit of every fact that the jury could have found from the evidence, and to all inferences warranted thereby. McNally v. Insurance Co., 137 N. Y. 395, 33 N. E. 475;Stuber v. McEntee, 142 N. Y. 205, 36 N. E. 878.

The accident happened about noon of a pleasant day in summer. The plaintiff lived with his mother on the east side of 3d avenue, between 99th and 100th streets. The car which struck him was running up town on the easterly track. The evidence discloses that between 98th and 99th streets a covered wagon was proceeding northerly on the same track, and in front of this car; and, according to the testimony of a passenger, the motorman and the driver of the wagon were engaged in an altercation arising from the fact that the vehicle was obstructing the due progress of the car. When the car reached 99th street, and very near the point of the northerly cross walk, the wagon turned off to the east; and, according to the undisputed evidence, the motorman at that moment of time turned his face in the same direction taken by the wagon, and was still engaged in his dispute with the driver. At this particular instant of time, and without rurning his face from the east and surveying the track in front of him, the motorman turned on the electric current, causing his car to shoot forward with violence and at a rapid rate. It further appears that the car, just before the wagon left the track was moving at a reduced rate of speed,-about as fast as a man would walk. There were only two witnesses who saw the accident,-Brewster and Tyrel. Brewster was a passenger on the car, which was an open one, and he sat on the front seat, left-hand side. It appears that the plaintiff was crossing 3d avenue northeasterly, in a diagonal direction towards his mother's house, and at the time when the car was on the northery crossing at 99th street, and waiting for the wagon to clear the track, he was proceeding over the westerly down-town track. Brewster testified as follows: ‘The wagon moved out of the track, and as it moved out of the track the motorman turned to the east and kept talking to the driver. * * * In the meantime the little boy, running in a northerly direction, was in front of our car,-not exactly in front. He was on the south-bound track, running northerly. * * * The car went forward with a shot, and struck the boy. That is how the accident happened. I mean, the wagon turned out to one side, and the motorman was talking to the man who drove the wagon, both going northerly. At the particular moment when the motorman applied the mechanism operating the machinery, as I have described, the motorman was looking towards the east. I shouted at the motorman: ‘You have struck a boy. You have struck a child.’ He stopped his car as soon as he could, and the next I saw him turning over this way and looking down.' This witness further stated that when he first saw plaintiff he was about eight feet in front of the car going north on the south-bound track, and the car was moving very slowly. The witness Tyrel also swears to the manner in which the car increased its speed: ‘It shot right ahead when the wagon turned off, * * * as fast as any car I ever saw going.’

The theory of the plaintiff is that this sudden increase of speed, which projected the car forward with great violence, ran the boy down, and that this careless turning on of the electric current by the motorman, without looking ahead, was not to have been anticipated under the circumstances, and in a busy street. The plaintiff was struck by the west side of the front of the car, and carried under the fender, so that he was beneath the passenger who sat on the front seat at the left side, and was so directly ahead that when he was struck this passenger could not see him, because of the intervening fender. The boy was dragged some 40 feet before the car was stopped.

The five justices of the learned appellate division were divided in opinion on this case; three of them holding that the plaintiff was guilty of contributory negligence as matter of law, and two asserting that there was a question of fact for the jury. We think, under the peculiar circumstances of this case, that the question of plaintiff's contributory negligence should have been submitted to the jury. As this record stands, the gross and well-nigh criminal negligence of the defendant's motorman is undisputed. In the city of New York, where the traffic is enormous upon its principal avenues, it is oftentimes necessary for the wayfarer to pass in front of moving cars, and it usually depends upon the surrounding...