State ex rel. Smith v. Jameson

• Decision Date: 26 June 1945
• Docket Number: 8782.
• Citation: 19 N.W.2d 505,70 S.D. 503
• Parties: STATE ex rel. SMITH v. JAMESON, Warden.
• Court: South Dakota Supreme Court

19 N.W.2d 505

70 S.D. 503

STATE ex rel. SMITH v. JAMESON, Warden.

No. 8782.

Supreme Court of South Dakota

June 26, 1945

T. R. Johnson, of Sioux Falls, for appellant.

George T. Mickelson, Atty. Gen., and E. D. Barron, Asst. Atty. Gen for respondent.

ROBERTS Judge.

The appellant was charged by an information filed May 23, 1928, in the Circuit Court of Pennington County, South Dakota, with robbery in the first degree and with five prior convictions of a felony. The jury found defendant 'guilty of assault with intent to commit robbery'. The court on June 26, 1928, pronounced judgment as follows 'Now on this 26th day of June, 1928, the State's Attorney, and the defendant, Chester W. Smith, and the defendant's counsel, came into Court and this being the day fixed by the Court for the pronouncing of judgment on the conviction of the defendant for the crime of assault with intent to commit robbery, being an offense included within the offense charged in the information heretofore filed against the defendant in this Court and the said information having charged the defendant with committing said offense after having been three times convicted within this State of felonies, and the jury having found such charge to be true and the same having been admitted by the defendant in open Court and the defendant having been informed by the Court of the nature of said information, and of the said charge of former convictions and of his plea of not guilty and of the verdict of the jury, and being asked whether he had any legal cause to show why judgment should not be pronounced against him, and no cause being shown; the Court does adjudge and the sentence is that you, Chester W. Smith, be imprisoned at hard labor in the South Dakota State Penitentiary at Sioux Falls South Dakota, for the period of your natural life * * *.'

The case comes here on appeal from the judgment of the Circuit Court of Minnehaha county denying an application for writ of habeas corpus.

Sections 2 and 3 of Chapter 119, Laws 1927, read as follows:

'Section 2. Section 3613 of the Revised Code of 1919 is hereby amended to read as follows:

'Section 3613. Punishment for Fourth Conviction of Felony. A person who, after having been three times convicted within this state, of felonies or attempts to commit felonies, or under the law of any other state, government or country, of crimes which if committed within this state would be felonious commits a felony within this state, may in the discretion of the court be sentenced upon conviction of such fourth, or subsequent, offense to imprisonment in a state prison for the term of his natural life. A person to be punishable under this and the preceding section need not have been indicted and convicted as a previous offender in order to receive the increased punishment therein provided, but may be proceeded against as provided in the following section.

'Section 3. Procedure Relating to Resentencing. If at any time, either after sentence or conviction, it shall appear that a person convicted of a felony has previously been convicted of crimes as set forth either in section 3612 or section 3613, it shall be the duty of the states attorney of the county in which such conviction was had to file an information accusing the said person of such previous convictions. Whereupon, the court in which such conviction was had shall cause the said person, whether confined in prison or otherwise, to be brought before it and shall inform him of the allegations contained in such information and of his right to be tried as to the truth thereof according to law, and shall require such offender to say whether he is the same person as charged in such information or not. If he says he is not the same person or refuses to answer, or remains silent, his plea, or the fact of his silence, shall be entered of record and a jury shall be empanelled to inquire whether the offender is the same person mentioned in the several records as set forth in such information. If the jury finds that he is the same person or if he acknowledges or confesses in open court, after being duly cautioned as to his rights, that he is the same person, the court shall sentence him to the punishment prescribed in said sections 3612 and 3613, as the case may be, and shall vacate the previous sentence, deducting from the new sentence all time actually served on the sentence so vacated. Whenever it shall become known to any warden or prison, probation, parole, or police officer or other peace officer that any person charged with or convicted of a felony has been previously convicted within the meaning of said sections 3612 or 3613, it shall become his duty forthwith to report the facts to the states attorney of the county.'

Appellant's contention is stated by him as follows: 'The prosecution did not proceed against the defendant as provided by Chapter 119 of the Laws of 1927, Sec. 3. A special verdict should have been returned as to the prior felonies. The judgment is not supported by any special verdict. It rests on the one filed, and the petitioner has long since served the sentence or penalty therefor.'

It is the prevailing view that inquiry is limited on habeas corpus to questions of jurisdiction. Habeas corpus cannot be utilized as a substitute for an appeal. State ex rel. Engebritson v. Circuit Court, S.D., 11 N.W.2d 659, 150 A.L.R. 739; Knewel v. Egan, 268 U.S. 442, 45 S.Ct. 522, 69 L.Ed. 1036. Mere errors or irregularities in the proceedings of a court having jurisdiction are not reviewable.

Chapter 119, Laws 1927, authorizing a more severe penalty to be inflicted on one who is a persistent offender, did not create a new or independent crime. State v. DeMarsche, 68 S.D. 250, 1 N.W.2d 67. It did not inflict additional punishment for a prior offense or authorize conviction on charge of being an habitual criminal. A prior conviction is not an element of an offense charged, but is merely a matter of aggravation going to the punishment to be imposed. Graham v. State of West Virginia, 224 U.S. 616, 32 S.Ct. 583, 56 L.Ed. 917; Goodman v. Kunkle, 7 Cir., 72 F.2d 334; Kuwitzky v. O'Grady, 135 Neb. 466, 282 N.W. 396; People v. Atkinson, 376 Ill. 623, 35 N.E.2d 58. Discussing the question, the Supreme Court of the United States in Graham v. State of West Virginia, supra [224 U.S. 616, 32 S.Ct. 585], said: 'The propriety of inflicting severe punishment upon old offenders has long been recognized in this country and in England. They are not punished the second time for the earlier offense, but the repetition of criminal conduct aggravates their guilt and justifies heavier penalties when they are again convicted.' A similar view was expressed...