Watson Pharmaceuticals, Inc. v. Henney, No. 00CV3516.

• Decision Date: 18 January 2001
• Docket Number: No. 00CV3516.
• Citation: 194 F.Supp.2d 442
• Parties: WATSON PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. v. Jane E. HENNEY, M.D., etc. and Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
• Court: U.S. District Court — District of Maryland

194 F.Supp.2d 442

WATSON PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. v. Jane E. HENNEY, M.D., etc. and Bristol-Myers Squibb Company

No. 00CV3516.

United States District Court, D. Maryland.

January 18, 2001.

Douglas B. Farquhar, John R. Fleder, Robert A. Dormer, Hyman, Phelps & McNamara, PC, Washington, DC, Edgar H. Haug, Barry S. White, Daniel G. Brown, Frommer Lawrence and Haug, LLP, New York City, for plaintiff.

Andrew E. Clark, U.S. Dept. of Justice, Washington, DC, for Jane E. Henney, M.D., defendant.

J. Hardin Marion, Tydings and Rosenberg, LLP, Baltimore, MD, Richard J. Stark, Evan R. Chesler, David R. Marriott, Cravath Swaine and Moore, New York City, for Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., defendant.

MEMORANDUM OPINION

SMALKIN, District Judge.

In an attempt to balance the national and private interests competing in the arena of patented pharmaceuticals, Congress some time ago enacted the so-called "Hatch-Waxman Amendments," establishing a split-the-baby scheme under which holders of patents on "pioneer drugs" were extended the carrot of what amounts to extended patent protection to account for delays in FDA approval of a "pioneer drug," in exchange for being whipped with the stick of an expedited, coat-tail procedure for FDA approval of competing, generic equivalents of the patented pharmaceutical (called an ANDA), along with what amount to fast-track patent challenge procedures, too complex to detail here. See 21 U.S.C. sections 355, 360cc and 35 U.S.C. sections 156, 271, and 282. See also, TriBio Labs., Inc. v. United States, 836 F.2d 135 (3d Cir.1987), cert. denied, 488 U.S. 818, 109 S.Ct. 57, 102 L.Ed.2d 35 (1988).

As part of this scheme, a patent holder can inform the FDA of the issuance of a pharmaceutical patent within 30 days, which results in the FDA's publication of the furnished patent information in something called the "Orange Book." (One assumes that, at least before everything went virtual, there really was a book and that it was orange.) See 21 U.S.C. section 355(c)(2) and 21 C.F.R. section 314.53(d)(3). One of the important aspects of the FDA's listing of a patent in the Orange Book arises from the patent challenge procedures under the Hatch-Waxman Amendments. That is, listing triggers the right of the patent holder to sue the generic's maker for patent infringement, which carries with it a stay of the FDA's approval of the ANDA for up to 30 months, pending resolution of the patent challenge. See 35 U.S.C. section 271(e)(2)(A).

Indeed, the patent holder (Bristol-Myers Squibb (BMS)) and the generic manufacturer involved in this case are no strangers to litigation over a predecessor patent to the one whose Orange Book listing (discussed fully post) triggered this particular lawsuit. See Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. v. Danbury Pharmacal, Inc., 825 F.Supp. 58 (S.D.N.Y.1993), vacated, 26 F.3d 138, 1994 WL 129751 (Fed.Cir.1994). The earlier patent issued to BMS ('763) covered buspirone HCL (marketed as BuSpar), which received FDA approval in 1986. Not having prevailed in the patent litigation over '763, Danbury's ANDA for generic buspirone has been held up pending the expiry of that patent's exclusivity period, which was November 21, 2000. That same day, BMS was issued a new patent, '365, comprising, according to the declaration BMS filed with the FDA for Orange Book listing, "a method of use patent covering, among other things, a method of using BuSpar for all of its approved indications." The practical effect of this was a decision by the FDA to hold in abeyance the ANDA of Danbury (and of other generic marketers, such as Mylan) for generic buspirone. Danbury, upset by the FDA's listing of the patent in the Orange Book and the concomitant stay of its ANDA, attempted to persuade the FDA to de-list the '365 patent, arguing that, as a matter of patent law (based on the holding in Hoechst-Roussel Pharmaceuticals, Inc. v. Lehman, 109 F.3d 756 (Fed.Cir.1997)), the '365 patent, claiming for a metabolite, could not claim a listed drug. The FDA sought the views of the interested parties. BMS's response was a clarified declaration to the FDA that the '365 patent claimed a method of using not only a buspirone metabolite, but the basic drug itself. The FDA determined, based on that declaration, that the '365 patent did not solely claim a metabolite, and thus was not directly affected by Hoechst-Roussel, and it listed the patent in the Orange Book, effective as from November 21, 2000. In the meantime, Danbury filed this suit, which aims to obtain a mandatory injunction from the Court ordering the de-listing of the '365 patent (which would pop its ANDA back up from limbo for immediate approval), while the other generic seeker-after buspirone (Mylan) has filed an essentially identical suit in the District of Columbia. The matter is now pending in this Court on motions for injunctive relief as aforesaid and on motions for summary judgment. This is one of those cases in which no hearing is needed under Fed.R.Civ.P. 65, as there is no dispute of fact calling for resolution on viva voce testimony, see Securities & Exchange Comm'n. v. Graye, 156 F.Supp. 544, 547 n. 3 (S.D.N.Y.1957), and the parties' excellent briefs have obviated the need for oral argument. Local Rule 105.6, D. Md.

Several preliminary observations are in order. Even though this case tangentially involves a patent matter over which the Federal Circuit has jurisdiction and to which its legal standards apply, it is clear that the standards for injunctive relief and for assessment of the merits ought to be those of the Fourth Circuit. And, certainly, if the movant for a preliminary injunction is plainly entitled to no relief at all, such as where the party sought to be enjoined is plainly entitled to judgment in its favor as a matter of law under summary judgment criteria, even the Fourth Circuit's most plaintiff-favorable view of the "likelihood of success" factor in the injunctive relief setting, reserved for those applicants in whose favor the balance of harms decidedly tips, i.e., that "grave or serious questions are presented," Blackwelder Furn. Co. v. Seilig Mfg. Co., 550 F.2d 189, 196 (4th Cir.1977), is not satisfied, as a question devoid of merit as a matter of law can be neither grave nor serious.

Thus, the Court will turn to the merits. The Court has concluded that the federal defendants are entitled to summary judgment, and that, accordingly, no injunctive relief is appropriate.

This action is, at base, a quest for judicial review of a federal agency's final decision. As such, it is governed by the Administrative Procedure Act (APA), 5 U.S.C. section 706. Under the APA, an agency's decision is entitled to deference, amounting to a presumption of validity, and can only be set aside on a showing that it is arbitrary, capricious, not in accordance with the law, or...