U.S. Fidelity & Guaranty v. Braspetro Oil Serv.

Decision Date01 August 1999
Docket NumberDocket Nos. 99-7603
Citation199 F.3d 94
Parties(2nd Cir. 1999) UNITED STATES FIDELITY AND GUARANTY COMPANY, and AMERICAN HOME ASSURANCE COMPANY, PlaintiffsAppellees, v. BRASPETRO OIL SERVICES COMPANY and PETROLEO BRASILEIRO S.A.PETROBRAS, DefendantsAppellants, BANK OF TOKYOMITSUBISHI, LTD., (formerly known as Bank of Tokyo Ltd. Japan), LONG TERM CREDIT BANK OF JAPAN, LTD., SEQUIP PARTICIPAES S.A., INDUSTRIAS VEROLMEISHIBRAS S.A., IVI INTERNATIONAL, LTD. S.A., SADE VIGESA S.A., SADE VIGESA CORPORATION OF AMERICA, SADE VIGESA (CHILE) S.A., INTERNACIONAL DE ENGENHARIA S.A., INEPAR ADMINISTRAO E PARTICIPAES S.A., INEPAR INDUSTRIA E CONSTRUES, S.A., SV ENGENHARIA S.A., SADE VIGESA INDUSTRIAL E SERVIS S.A., JOHN DOE SUBSIDIARIES, AFFILIATES, SUCCESSORS, ASSIGNS, OR ASSOCIATED COMPANIES OR CORPORATIONS OF SEQUIP PARTICIPACOES S.A., JOHN DOE AFFILIATES, SUCCESSORS, ASSIGNS, OR SUBSIDIARIES OF SADE VIGESA S.A., SADE VIGESA CORPORATION OF AMERICA OR SADE VIGESA (CHILE)S.A., and JOHN DOE SUBSIDIARIES, SUCCESSORS, ASSIGNS, AFFILIATES OR ASSOCIATED COMPANIES OR CORPORATIONS OF INEPAR ADMINISTRAO E PARTICIPAES S.A. OR OF INEPAR INDUSTRIA E CONSTRUES S.A., Defendants. (L) & 99-7605(CON)
CourtU.S. Court of Appeals — Second Circuit

Appeals from judgments of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York (Koeltl, Judge) entered May 17, 1999, denying appellees' motions to dismiss for lack of subject matter jurisdiction, lack of personal jurisdiction, and on the grounds of contractual forum-selection clauses and the doctrine of forum non conveniens.

Affirmed.

[Copyrighted Material Omitted] Larry W. Thomas, Cameron & Hornbostel, Washington, DC, for Appellants.

Ian A.L. Strogatz, Wolf, Block, Schorr & SolisCohen, Philadelphia, PA, for Appellees.

Before: MESKILL, MINER, and PARKER, Circuit Judges.

PER CURIAM:

In the lead case (99-7603-(L)) of the two cases consolidated in this appeal, United States Fidelity & Guaranty Co. ("USFG") and American Home Assurance Co. ("AHAC") (collectively the "Sureties") sued Braspetro Oil Services Co. ("Brasoil"), among others, seeking a declaration of their obligations and liabilities under two performance guarantee bonds. Brasoil moved to dismiss the suit for lack of subject matter jurisdiction, lack of personal jurisdiction, and on the basis of a contractual forum-selection clause and the doctrine of forum non conveniens. The district court denied Brasoil's motion, and Brasoil seeks interlocutory review of that decision.

In the consolidated case (99-7605(CON)), the Sureties sued Petroleo-Brasileiro S.A.-Petrobras ("Petrobras"), among others, seeking damages for tortious interference with contract and for breach of obligations allegedly owing the Sureties under various payment bonds and indemnity agreements. Petrobras moved to dismiss the suit for lack of subject matter jurisdiction and on the basis of contractual forum-selection clauses and the doctrine of forum non conveniens. The district court denied Petrobras's motion, and Petrobras seeks interlocutory review of that decision.

Under the collateral order exception to the final judgment rule, this Court has jurisdiction to review the district court's findings that subject matter jurisdiction in both cases was properly premised on the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act ("FSIA"). See Hanil Bank v. PT. Bank Negara Indonesia, 148 F.3d 127, 130 (2d Cir. 1998). However, this Court has no independent basis for exercising jurisdiction over appellants' challenges to the district court's personal jurisdiction and forum-related findings. As a result, appellants ask this Court to exercise pendent appellate jurisdiction over these arguments.

With limited exceptions, the Supreme Court has "directed the Courts of Appeals not to take 'pendent appellate jurisdiction' on interlocutory appeals of issues not themselves immediately appealable." Rein v. Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, 162 F.3d 748, 756 (2d Cir. 1998) (quoting Swint v. Chambers County Comm'n, 514 U.S. 35, 51 (1995)). The Second Circuit recognizes only two exceptions to this rule: "(a) where an issue is 'inextricably intertwined' with a question that is the proper subject of an immediate appeal, or (b) where review of a jurisdictionally insufficient issue is 'necessary to ensure meaningful review' of a jurisdictionally sufficient one, an appellate court may exercise pendent jurisdiction." Id. at 757-58 (citing Swint, 514 U.S. at 51). Brasoil argues that both exceptions are applicable to its personal jurisdiction and forum-related arguments. Petrobras contends that the exceptions apply to its forum-related arguments as well.

This Court's decisions in Hanil Bank, 148 F.3d at 134, and Rein, 162 F.3d at 760-61, support the conclusion that we should exercise pendent appellate jurisdiction over Brasoil's personal jurisdiction argument. In Hanil Bank, the defendant moved to dismiss pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(1) and (2), arguing both that it was immune from suit under the FSIA and that there were no minimum contacts sufficient to support the exercise of personal jurisdiction. See Hanil Bank, 148 F.3d at 130. The plaintiff, in turn, argued that the FSIA's commercial activity exception, 28 U.S.C. 1605(a)(2), applied and that the same business contacts between the defendant and the United States that satisfied this exception served to satisfy the minimum contacts test for personal jurisdiction. The district court denied defendant's motions, and this Court reviewed and affirmed both of the district court's decisions on an interlocutory basis. See id. at 134. The Hanil Bank Court found that the same commercial contacts between the defendant and the forum that placed the defendant within the commercial activity exception to the FSIA were sufficient to constitute minimum contacts for the purposes of personal jurisdiction. See id. at 130-34. Six months later, the Rein Court made explicit the finding that was implicit in Hanil Bank, stating that questions regarding minimum contacts for personal jurisdiction purposes and commercial contacts for FSIA purposes were inextricably intertwined. Rein, 162 F.3d at 760-61. Here Brasoil's subject matter jurisdiction argument turns in part on the applicability of the commercial activity exception, and its personal jurisdiction argument turns on its contacts with the forum. Thus, in this case, too, the questions of subject matter and personal jurisdiction are inextricably intertwined. See id.

In contrast, the question of whether or not the district court properly denied appellants' motions to dismiss for improper forum, either based on forum-selection clauses or on the doctrine of forum non conveniens, has little or nothing in common with the question of subject matter jurisdiction under the FSIA. Appellants do not explain how these two inquiries are inextricably intertwined or how review of the former is necessary to meaningful review of the latter. As a result, we may not entertain appellants' challenges to the district court's forum-related findings on an interlocutory basis. See Rein, 162 F.3d at 757-58 (citing Swint v. Chambers County Comm'n, 514 U.S. 35, 51 (1995)).

In case number 99-7603(L), we affirm the district court's findings of FSIA subject matter jurisdiction and personal jurisdiction for substantially the same reasons set forth in the court's May 17, 1999 opinion and order. We express no view on the question of whether subject matter jurisdiction could also have been properly premised on 28 U.S.C. 1332(a)(2).

In case number 99-7605(CON), we affirm the district court's finding of FSIA subject matter jurisdiction, but for different reasons. Here plaintiffs seek to enforce indemnification agreements against Petrobras and Petrobras's co-defendants. These indemnification agreements are described in greater detail in the district court's opinions, as are the related P-19 and P-31 performance bonds and the MAC payment bond issued by the plaintiffs. Although Petrobras was not a party to these bonds or indemnification agreements, the district court found sufficient plaintiffs' allegations that Petrobras was the partner or dominator of its co-defendants. Petrobras is also being sued for tortious interference with the...

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