United States v. Nelson, 11151.

• Decision Date: 15 April 1955
• Docket Number: No. 11151.,11151.
• Citation: 221 F.2d 623
• Parties: The UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Wayne Edwin NELSON, Defendant-Appellant.
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — Seventh Circuit

221 F.2d 623 (1955)

The UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Wayne Edwin NELSON, Defendant-Appellant.

No. 11151.

United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit.

April 15, 1955.

Hayden C. Covington, Brooklyn, N. Y., Victor F. Schmidt, Columbus, Ohio, for appellant.

Timothy T. Cronin, U. S. Atty., Howard W. Hilgendorf, Asst. U. S. Atty., Milwaukee, Wis., for appellee.

Before FINNEGAN, LINDLEY and SCHNACKENBERG, Circuit Judges.

FINNEGAN, Circuit Judge.

A written refusal to be inducted into the United States Armed Forces, signed by registrant Nelson, January 8, 1952, impelled his indictment and trial for violating the Selective Service Act of 1948, as amended, 62 Stat. 622, 50 U.S.C.A. Appendix, §§ 451 et seq., 462(a). His conviction, after waiving trial by jury, and overruled motion for judgment of acquittal are before us on review.

Several observations deserve prefatory treatment in this opinion. After defense counsel, during the proceedings below, conceded that no request had been made for a "fair summary" of the Federal Bureau of Investigation report on this conscientious objector claim, the trial judge quashed a subpoena duces tecum for that report, citing United States v. Dal Santo, 7 Cir., 1953, 205 F.2d 429. A comment concerning that account of investigation reported by the Department of Justice Hearing Officer, viz.: "The search failed to disclose any derogatory information respecting the registrant," appears in the trial judge's opinion. We think it pertinent at this juncture to recall that in United States v. Nugent, 1953, 346 U.S. 1, 73 S.Ct. 991, 994, 97 L. Ed. 1417, the majority spoke of "* * * a fair resumé of any adverse evidence in the investigator's report." (Italics supplied.)

Nelson registered with his Local Board, January 6, 1949, at 18 years of age, and executed his Selective Service Questionnaire in January, 1950, without any mention of conscientious objection. We think it unnecessary in this opinion to chronicle each step and detail all events culminating in Nelson's ultimate classification I-A. Sometime in late December, 1950, after examination, he was found physically acceptable for military service. In February, 1951, he wrote out answers to questions posed in Form 150 (Special Form For Conscientious Objectors) and certified he was opposed to both combatant and noncombatant service. Several affidavits, and a copy of the Watchtower (Feb. 1, 1951) were filed by Nelson with that Form.

"The defendant (Nelson) appeared before the local board and gave testimony," (brief for registrant, p. 4). After that hearing Nelson's Local Board declined to reclassify him, and technically reclassified Nelson I-A. The Wisconsin Appeal Board refused him a Class I-A-O or Class IV-E.

The Department of Justice Hearing Officer, Roy O. West, after hearing Nelson and his witnesses, wrote in his report, of this registrant, that he "* * impressed the Hearing Officer favorably, but there seems to be insufficient evidence of religious training and belief to justify reclassification."

In the letter of transmittal, accompanying West's report to the Wisconsin Appeal Board, a Deputy Attorney General, signatory for the Department of Justice, wrote:

"After examination and review of the entire file and record, the Department of Justice finds that the conscientious objections of * * * (Ed. Nelson) are not sustained on the ground that he has failed to prove that such alleged objections are based upon deep-seated conscientious convictions arising out of religious training and belief."

Section 6(j), Universal Military Training and Service Act, 62 Stat. 612, as amended, 50 U.S.C.A.Appendix, § 456 (j), imposed upon Nelson the burden of demonstrating that: "* * * by reason of religious training and belief, (he was) * * * conscientiously opposed to participation in war in any form." Moreover, this Section lays down these further strictures: "Religious training and belief in this connection means an individual's belief in relation to a Supreme Being involving duties superior to those arising from any human relation, but does not include essentially political, sociological or philosophical views or a merely personal moral code."

Clearly more rigid statutory formulary might defeat Congressional intent and crush the spirit of this legislation since intensity, magnitude and validity of...