Looney v. Capital National Bank of Austin, Texas

Citation235 F.2d 436
Decision Date30 June 1956
Docket NumberNo. 15860.,15860.
PartiesVirginia L. LOONEY et vir, and Emma L. Baker, Appellants, v. CAPITAL NATIONAL BANK OF AUSTIN, TEXAS et al., Appellees.
CourtUnited States Courts of Appeals. United States Court of Appeals (5th Circuit)

Julian C. Clopton, Austin, Tex., Creekmore Wallace, Pryor, Okl., Thomas A. Wallace, Tulsa, Okl., for appellants.

Coleman Gay, Austin, Tex., L. P. Lollar, Asst. Atty. Gen., R. Dean Moor-head, Austin, Tex., for appellees.

Looney, Clark & Moorhead, James R. Meyers, Austin, Tex., for Capital Nat. Bank in Austin, trustee, and other defendants.

John Ben Shepperd, Marietta McGregor Payne, Austin, Tex., for John Ben Shepperd, Atty. Gen. of Texas.

Before RIVES, TUTTLE and JONES, Circuit Judges.

RIVES, Circuit Judge.

The district court dismissed for want of jurisdiction a complaint seeking a declaratory judgment1 to the effect that a testamentary trust of a residuary estate is void and unenforceable as violative of the rule against perpetuities and because the objects of the trust have failed, and are contrary to public policy. The grounds upon which the trust is attacked do not include lack of testamentary capacity, improper execution of the will, or illegal probate. Indeed, the complaint concedes that, except for the claimed illegal trust, the will is valid and effective. The district court did not reach the merits, that is, whether the testamentary trust is valid or invalid, and nothing that we may say should be construed as expressing any opinion on that question. The issue is solely one of federal jurisdiction.

It was stipulated that the testator died May 1, 1954, his will was duly probated on May 17th and letters testamentary issued to The Capital National Bank in Austin, which qualified as independent executor. As such, it "has determined and paid the debts of said estate, part of the specific bequests as outlined in the will and is now holding the rest and residue of said estate in its trust account." It was further stipulated that the plaintiffs, appellants, are sisters of the testator and his sole and only heirs at law. As such, they seek a decree directing the executor to pay to them the net residuary estate.

Federal jurisdiction is invoked on diversity of citizenship. The amount in controversy exceeds $3,000, indeed, the value of the residuary estate is in excess of two million dollars. There is also the requisite diversity of citizenship. It is claimed, however, that this is not a case within the judicial power of the United States, because it affects probate or other matters concerning the administration or settlement of a decedent's estate.

The many cases on that general subject are collected in an annotation in 158 A.L.R., pages 9 to 76, and its supplemental citations; see also 54 Am. Jur., U. S. Courts, § 36; 35 C.J.S., Federal Courts, § 12. The general principles are well understood, and a brief restatement of such, as are here applicable, should suffice.

Article III, § 2 of the Constitution provides that, "The judicial Power shall extend * * * to controversies * * * between citizens of different States". 28 U.S.C.A. § 1332 provides that,

"(a) The district courts shall have original jurisdiction of all civil actions where the matter in controversy exceeds the sum or value of $3,000 exclusive of interest and costs, and is between:
"(1) Citizens of different States".

Nevertheless, in general, federal jurisdiction does not extend to matters strictly probate or administrative in nature, because they are statutory, involve proceedings in rem, and do not belong to the general jurisdiction of a court of equity. Cases of that general nature do occasionally arise under circumstances making them ordinary suits in equity, and in such cases a state may not restrict the judicial power of the United States. On the other hand, a state may enlarge federal jurisdiction by the creation of a new remedy by civil action inter partes in its own courts of general jurisdiction.

The present case may be an ordinary suit in equity involving the validity of a trust, and the fact that the trust was created by a will rather than by an instrument inter vivos may be immaterial. We shall assume, however, that the case would be strictly probate or administrative in the absence of a remedy inter partes in the state courts of general jurisdiction. It is well settled that, where state courts of general jurisdiction are granted the power to determine inter partes the validity vel non of provisions of a will, a United States court in that state has jurisdiction to entertain such an action where the requisite diversity of citizenship and amount in controversy are present, and so long as it does not interfere with the administration of the estate in a state court. Simlar v. Wilson, 10 Cir., 210 F.2d 99; same case on last grant of certiorari, 350 U.S. 892, 76 S.Ct. 153; Sutton v. English, 246 U. S. 199, 205, 38 S.Ct. 254, 62 L.Ed. 664; Markham v. Allen, 326 U.S. 490, 494, 66 S.Ct. 296, 90 L.Ed. 256.

In Sutton v. English, supra, the plaintiffs sought to annul parts of the 12th paragraph of the will of Mary Jane Hubbard on the ground

"that in her last sickness, while she was clouded in her intellect and was not of sound or disposing mind or memory, she was unduly influenced by the defendant English to execute an instrument in the form of a will purporting to dispose of her accumulations and separate property, by the 12th paragraph of which she gave and bequeathed all the residue of her property to her niece Cora D. Spencer". 246 U.S. at pages 202, 203, 38 S.Ct. at page 255.

That was a matter strictly probate, the testamentary capacity of the testator. As has been said, no such ground is urged in the present case. At the time of the decision of Sutton v. English (1918), the Texas State courts of general jurisdiction had no power to annul any particular provision of a will in a suit inter partes. By the enactment of the Uniform Declaratory Judgment Act in 1943 by the Texas Legislature, such power was vested in the state courts of general jurisdiction.2

At one time the Supreme Court held that a federal court had no jurisdiction to proceed in accordance with a state declaratory...

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8 cases
  • Jackson v. United States National Bank, Portland, Ore.
    • United States
    • U.S. District Court — District of Oregon
    • July 1, 1957
    ...v. Fuentes, 1875, 92 U.S. 10, 23 L.Ed. 524; In re Broderick's Will, supra, 21 Wall. at page 520, 88 U.S. at page 520; Looney v. Capital Nat. Bank, 5 Cir., 235 F.2d 436, 437, certiorari denied, 1956, 352 U.S. 925, 77 S.Ct. 222, 1 L.Ed. 2d Thus it is that although "the essence of diversity ju......
  • GALION IRON WORKS AND MANUFACTURING CO. v. Russell
    • United States
    • U.S. District Court — Western District of Arkansas
    • November 4, 1958
    ...jurisdiction were without jurisdiction, the federal court likewise had no jurisdiction." In Looney v. Capital National Bank of Austin, Texas, 5 Cir., 1956, 235 F.2d 436, at page 438, the court "It is well settled that, where state courts of general jurisdiction are granted the power to dete......
  • Byers v. Byers
    • United States
    • U.S. Court of Appeals — Fifth Circuit
    • April 7, 1958
    ...its validity and sought only a construction of its written terms. To the fact, there present and deemed significant in Looney v. Capital Nat. Bank, 5 Cir., 235 F.2d 436, that Texas had enacted the Uniform Declaratory Judgment Act, Tex.Rev.Civ. Stat.Ann. (Vernon), Art. 2524-1, §§ 1-16, can b......
  • Akin v. Louisiana National Bank of Baton Rouge
    • United States
    • U.S. Court of Appeals — Fifth Circuit
    • September 5, 1963
    ...326 U.S. at 494, 66 S.Ct. at 298, 90 L.Ed. 256. This Court has had several cases analogous to the instant case. In Looney v. Capital Nat'l Bank, 5 Cir., 1956, 235 F.2d 436, cert. den'd., 352 U.S. 925, 77 S.Ct. 222, 1 L.Ed.2d 161, we held that a federal district court could entertain a decla......
  • Request a trial to view additional results

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