Connell v. United States, 221

• Decision Date: 17 May 1920
• Docket Number: No. 221,221
• Parties: O'CONNELL et al. v. UNITED STATES
• Court: U.S. Supreme Court

253 U.S. 142

40 S.Ct. 444

64 L.Ed. 827

O'CONNELL et al.

v UNITED STATES.

No. 221.

Argued April 23 and 26, 1920.

Decided May 17, 1920.

[Syllabus from pages 142-143 intentionally omitted] Messrs. Gilbert E. Roe, of New York City, T. C. West and Daniel O'Connell, both of San Francisco, Cal., and Joseph L. Tepper, of Washington, D. C., for plaintiffs in error.

Mr. Assistant Attorney General Stewart, for the United States.

Mr. Justice McREYNOLDS delivered the opinion of the Court.

Plaintiffs in error were tried under an indictment with two counts. The first charges a conspiracy to violate the Espionage Act—section 3, Act June 15, 1917, c. 30, 40 Stat. 217, 219 (Comp. St. 1918, Comp. St. Ann. Supp. 1919, § 10212c)—by obstructing the recruiting and enlistment service; the second a conspiracy to violate the Selective Service Law—section 6, Act May 18, 1917, c. 15, 40 Stat. 76, 80 (Comp St. 1918, Comp. St. Ann. Supp. 1919, § 2044f).

A demurrer, challenging the constitutionality of both acts and the sufficiency of each count, was overruled.

The trial continued from September 12 to 25, 1917, and resulted in the following verdict:

'We, the jury, find Daniel O'Connell, David J. Smith, Herman B. Smith, Carl J. F. Wacher, Thomas Carey and E. R. Hoffman, the defendants at the bar, guilty on the _____ count of the indictment, and _____ on the _____ count of the indictment.

'Thomas H. Haskins, Foreman.'

No objection was made to this verdict when returned, nor at any time prior to May 31, 1919, long after the record came here, when permission was asked to amend the assignments of error.

Motions for new trial and in arrest of judgment were overruled. The former attacked the verdict as contrary to law and the evidence but said nothing concerning its form. The latter recited:

'And now after verdict against the said defendants and before sentence, come the said defendants in their own proper persons and by Daniel O'Connell their attorney and move the court here to arrest judgment herein and not pronounce the same'

— and specified the following grounds: (1) The indictment fails to set forth facts sufficient to constitute an offense. (2) The first count is repugnant to itself for reasons set forth in the demurrer. (3) The second count is based on the Act of May 18, 1917, inapplicable to the defendants because they were not engaged in carrying out its terms. (4) The first count does not adequately inform defendants concerning nature of charge against them. (5) Both the Acts of May 18 and June 15, 1917, are in conflict with the Constitution and are invalid.

September 29 O'Connell was sentenced to the penitentiary for five years on the first count and for two years on the second, the terms to run consecutively. The other plaintiffs in error were sentenced to varying concurrent terms under both counts, none being in excess of three years. On the same day a writ of error from this court was allowed.

The record contains a bill of exceptions, with an elaborate explanatory certificate signed by the District Judge.

The trial took place during July term, 1917; the next term as appointed by statute began November 15. On September 29, 30 days were granted for preparation and presentation of a bill of exceptions. October 23 an order undertook to extend the time to November 15; on November 12 a like order specified November 27; on November 26 an order specified December 15; on December 14 a further order undertook to extend it to December 24, when a still further extension was ordered to December 31. On the latter date a proposed bill was presented. January 9, 1918, the United States attorney procured an order granting time in which to prepare amendments to the proposed bill which were thereafter presented.

Rule 9 of the District Court provided:

'For the purpose of making and filing bills of exceptions and of making any and all motions necessary to be made within the term at which any judgment or decree is entered, each term of this court shall be and hereby is extended so as to comprise a period of three calendar months beginning on the first Tuesday of the month in which verdict is rendered or judgment or decree entered.'

Rule 61 provided:

When an act to be done in any pending suit relates to the preparation of bills of exceptions or amendments thereto, 'the time allowed by these rules may, unless otherwise specially provided, be extended by the court or judge by order made before the expiration of such time, but no such extension or extensions shall exceed thirty days in all without the consent of the adverse party.'

After expiration of the three months specified by rule 9, plaintiffs in error having in open court requested further extension, the United States attorney announced that he would not consent but would ask the court to refuse to settle any bill thereafter proposed. In April, 1918, he moved that settlement of the proposed bill be refused and that it be stricken from the files. The court expressed the opinion that the bill was too late unless the United States attorney had waived objection thereto, and on that point said:

'I am very strongly of the view that owing to the attitude of the United States attorney, distinctly stated theretofore, which was all that could be done under the circumstances this was not such a waiver.'

But, in order that the matter might bebrought here for final determination, the facts were set out and the certificate signed.

Under the statute the trial term expired November 15; but, for the purpose of filing the bill of exceptions, a general rule extended it to December 4—three months from the first Tuesday in September. The last order of court within the extended term designated December 14 as the final day for action.

'By the uniform course of decision, no exceptions to relings at a trial can be considered by this court, unless they were taken at the trial, and were also embodied in a formal bill of exceptions presented to the judge at the same or within a further time allowed by order entered at that term, or by standing rule of court, or by consent of parties. * * * After...