In re Fleetwood Homes of Texas, L.P.

• Decision Date: 20 June 2008
• Docket Number: No. 06-0943.,06-0943.
• Citation: 257 S.W.3d 692
• Parties: In re FLEETWOOD HOMES OF TEXAS, L.P. and Fleetwood Enterprises, Inc., Relators.
• Court: Texas Supreme Court

257 S.W.3d 692

In re FLEETWOOD HOMES OF TEXAS, L.P. and Fleetwood Enterprises, Inc., Relators.

No. 06-0943.

Supreme Court of Texas.

June 20, 2008.

Michael J. Craddock, Felicia Norvell, David Charles Routzon Jr., Craddock Reneker & Davis, L.L.P., Rachel Elizabeth Khirallah, Dallas, TX, for Relator.

Michael Allen Starzyk, April Lee Walter, Starzyk & Associates, P.C., Alan M. Bush, Woodlands, TX, for Real Party in Interest.

PER CURIAM.

Parties that "conduct full discovery, file motions going to the merits, and seek arbitration only on the eve of trial" waive any contractual right to arbitration. In re Vesta Ins. Group, Inc., 192 S.W.3d 759, 764 (Tex.2006). The relators here did none of those, instead merely discussing a potential trial setting and sending a set of written discovery the day before moving to compel arbitration. The trial court held the relators waived arbitration, and a divided court of appeals denied mandamus relief. 2006 WL 3028222. We disagree, and thus conditionally grant it. See In re Weekley, 180 S.W.3d 127, 130 (Tex.2005) ("Mandamus relief is proper to enforce arbitration agreements governed by the FAA.").

Fleetwood Enterprises, Inc., manufactures mobile homes. In January 2005 it signed a dealer agreement with Gulf Regional Services, Inc., an owner and developer of mobile home parks in southeast Texas that also sells and leases mobile homes. The agreement included an arbitration clause covering "any dispute, controversy or claim among the Parties." In August 2005 Fleetwood cancelled the agreement on the ground that Gulf was planning to sell or use mobile homes at a location other than that specified in the dealer agreement.

After Gulf filed suit in October 2005, Fleetwood filed an answer demanding arbitration but did not actually move to compel arbitration until July 2006. Gulf opposed the motion on two grounds: express waiver and unconscionability.

"[A] party waives an arbitration clause by substantially invoking the judicial process to the other party's detriment or prejudice." Perry Homes v. Cull, 2008 WL 1922978, at *4, ___ S.W.3d ___, ___ (Tex.2008). Waiver is a legal question for the court based on the totality of the circumstances, and asks whether a party has substantially invoked the judicial process to an opponent's detriment, the latter term meaning inherent unfairness caused by "a party's attempt to have it both ways by switching between litigation and arbitration to its own advantage." Id. 2008 WL 1922978, at *8, at ___.

Gulf argues that Fleetwood expressly waived arbitration, pointing to several emails from Fleetwood's counsel regarding a proposed trial setting, culminating in the following:

I have reviewed the Setting Request and would ask that we try to get a setting in March. ... Given the documentation I received last week and the work we need to do as a result of those documents, Fleetwood is not going to be in a position to try this case in December. If you are agreeable to this, we could sign an agreed Setting Request, otherwise, I will have to oppose the request after you submit it and request a later setting.

We need not decide whether Gulf is correct that express waiver is governed by different rules than those that govern implied waiver, as we disagree that this rises to the level of an express waiver. Nothing in this communication expressly waives arbitration or revokes the arbitration demand Fleetwood included in every answer it filed.

Instead, the question here is whether Fleetwood impliedly waived arbitration by failing to pursue its arbitration demand for eight months while discussing a trial setting and allowing limited discovery. We have already answered that question "No." In EZ Pawn Corp. v. Mancias, we held a party had not waived arbitration by filing an answer, discussing a docket-control order, sending written discovery, noticing a deposition, and agreeing to postpone a trial setting. 934 S.W.2d 87, 90 (Tex.1996). Gulf points out correctly that the movant in EZ Pawn had not yet "discovered" the arbitration clause until after these actions had already taken place. Id. at 89. But our opinion was based on the nonmovant's failure to show any prejudice, id. at 90, a requirement we recently reaffirmed. See Perry Homes, 2008 WL 1922978, at *7, ___ S.W.3d at ___.

As in EZ Pawn, the evidence here is legally insufficient to support a finding of prejudice. Gulf does not explain how it possibly could have been prejudiced by exchanging emails about a trial setting. Moreover, while these communications are a factor to be considered in the totality-of-the-circumstances, they are not the only factors. See id. 2008 WL 1922978, at *10, at ___. Here, Fleetwood took no depositions, although it noticed one deposition before cancelling it.¹ It served one set of written discovery the day before it moved to compel arbitration. It filed no dispositive motions, nor did it wait until the eve of trial to move to...