In re: Western Pacific Airlines, No. 00-1512

Decision Date14 December 2001
Docket NumberNo. 00-1512
Citation273 F.3d 1288
Parties(10th Cir. 2001) In re: WESTERN PACIFIC AIRLINES, INC., Debtor, GENERAL ELECTRIC CAPITAL CORPORATION, a New York corporation, Plaintiff - Appellee, BOULLIOUN AIRCRAFT HOLDING COMPANY, INC., a Washington corporation; BOULLIOUN PORTFOLIO FINANCE I, INC., a Washington corporation, Plaintiffs-Intervenors - Appellees, v. MANAGER OF REVENUE AND EXOFFICIO TREASURER FOR THE CITY AND COUNTY OF DENVER; EL PASO COUNTY TREASURER, Defendants - Appellants, JEFFREY A. WEINMAN, Trustee, Defendant-Third Party Plaintiff - Appellant, v. ENERGY MANAGEMENT CORPORATION, a Colorado corporation; SUNDANCE VENTURE PARTNERS L.P., II, a Delaware limited partnership, Third Party Defendants, and FIRST SECURITY NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, Third Party Defendant - Appellee
CourtU.S. Court of Appeals — Tenth Circuit

APPEAL FROM THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLORADO (D.C. No. 00-K-116)

Steven E. Abelman, Cage & North, P.C., Denver, Colorado and Frances A. Koncilja, Koncilja and Associates, P.C., Denver, Colorado, (Jeffrey D. Lewin, James P. Hill, and Candace M. Carroll; Sullivan, Hill, Lewin, Rez & Engel, San Diego, California, for Third-Party-Defendant - Appellee, First Security National Association, with them on the briefs), for Plaintiff - Appellee.

Peter A. Cal, Sherman & Howard, L.L.C., Denver, Colorado, (Mark L. Fulford, Sherman & Howard, L.L.C., Denver, Colorado, for Defendant - Third Party Plaintiff - Appellant; Eugene J. Kottenstette, Office of City Attorney, Land Use & Revenue Section, Denver, Colorado, for Defendants - Appellants; and John N. Franklin, Assistant County Attorney, Office of County Attorney for County of El Paso, Colorado Springs, Colorado, for Defendants - Appellants; with him on the briefs) for Defendant - Third Party Plaintiff - Appellant.

Before KELLY and HOLLOWAY, Circuit Judges and SHADUR*, District Judge.

PAUL KELLY, Jr., Circuit Judge.

This is an appeal from consolidated adversary proceedings in bankruptcy. The Appellants Jeffery A. Weinman ["the Trustee"] and the Manager of Revenue and Ex Officio Treasurer for the City and County of Denver, and the Treasurer for El Paso County, Colorado [collectively "the Taxing Authorities"] appeal from the district court's order affirming the bankruptcy court's grant of summary judgment in favor of the Appellees General Electric Capital Corporation ["GECC"] and First Security Bank, National Association, in its capacity as legal owner and trustee, on behalf of Bavaria International Aircraft Leasing Gmbh & Co. KG ["Bavaria"]. We have jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. 158(d) and 1291 and we affirm the district court's order.

Background

In March of 1995, the debtor, West Pacific Airlines ["WestPac"], entered into lease agreements for five aircraft with GECC and for one aircraft with Bavaria.1 The term of the leases was either for five or ten years and the monthly rent ranged from $190,000 to $210,000 per plane. All six leases were in effect on January 1st of both 1997 and 1998.

WestPac filed a voluntary petition for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in October of 1997, ceased all flights in February of 1998, and converted the proceedings into a Chapter 7 bankruptcy in July of 1998. The Trustee was appointed by the bankruptcy court as WestPac's Chapter 7 trustee and was substituted for WestPac as a party to this action.

WestPac did not pay its 1997 and 1998 state personal property taxes, totaling $1,057,279.80, to the Colorado Property Tax Administrator. Because WestPac was headquartered in El Paso County, Colorado on January 1, 1997, and in Denver on January 1, 1998, the Taxing Authorities for El Paso and Denver were entitled to collect the taxes. After WestPac ceased flights and because GECC was seeking to terminate its leases with WestPac and retake possession of its aircraft, the Taxing Authorities filed an emergency motion for relief from automatic stay seeking authority to collect the taxes owed pursuant to Colo. Rev. Stat. 39-10-113. On February 13, 1998, the bankruptcy court granted limited relief from the stay to the Taxing Authorities by requiring the lessors to post security in the amount of $66,346.00 per aircraft before retaking possession. The bankruptcy court entered orders confirming termination of the aircraft leases on February 14, 1998 for GECC and April 2, 1998 for Bavaria.2 GECC and Bavaria posted the required security with the bankruptcy court prior to retaking possession of the aircraft.

In March of 1999, all of the parties filed motions for summary judgment. In July 1999, the bankruptcy court granted summary judgment in favor of GECC and Bavaria. The Trustee and Taxing Authorities moved for reconsideration and sought a stay. They requested that the court certify the questions of state law to the Colorado Supreme Court. The bankruptcy court did so certify, but the Colorado Supreme Court declined to answer the certified questions. Subsequently, the bankruptcy court denied the motion for reconsideration and stay. The Trustee and Taxing Authorities then unsuccessfully appealed to the district court and now appeal to this court. We view the record "in a light most favorable to the parties opposing the motion for summary judgment." Connolly v. Baum, 22 F.3d 1014, 1016 (10th Cir. 1994). Our standard for reviewing the bankruptcy court's grant of summary judgment is de novo, Woodcock v. Chem. Bank, 144 F.3d 1340, 1342 (10th Cir. 1998), affording no deference to the district court's opinion. In re Glendhill, 164 F.3d 1338, 1340 (10th Cir. 1999). Under Fed. R. Bank. P. 7056, Rule 56 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure applies. Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c) provides for summary judgment if "there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and that the moving party is entitled to a judgment as a matter of law."

Discussion

It is not necessary for this court to address whether a leasehold interest in personal property is intangible property for the purposes of Colo. Rev. Stat. 39-3-118 nor is it necessary to decide whether Colo. Rev. Stat. 39-3-118 is valid under the Colorado Constitution. The only issue that must be decided is whether Colorado tax law authorizes the distraint, seizure, and sale of the taxable personal property of the lessor to satisfy the personal property tax of the lessee.

Under the Colorado tax code, taxes on real and personal property create a first and perpetual lien. Colo. Rev. Stat. 39-1-107(2). This lien attaches to the property as of noon on January 1 of the tax year. Colo. Rev. Stat. 39-1-105. If at any time after the lien attaches, the treasurer believes for any reason that any taxable personal property may be removed from Colorado and, therefore, made uncollectible, the treasurer may at once distrain, seize, and sell the personal property to enforce collection, Colo. Rev. Stat. 39-10-113.3 Likewise, if the taxes become delinquent upon the personal property of any public utility,4 the treasurer of the county shall distrain and sell any of the personal property of the utility, Colo. Rev. Stat. 39-10-111(11).5

The Appellants assert that both 39-10-113 and 39-10-111(11) authorize the distraint, seizure, and sale of the aircraft owned by GECC and Bavaria to pay the property tax owed by WestPac. They contend that the language of Colo. Rev. Stat. 39-10-113 does not limit the treasurer to the personal property of the taxpayer and that the treasurer only needs to believe that taxable personal property will be removed from Colorado. Taxable property is defined in the tax code as "all property, real and personal, not expressly exempted from taxation by law," Colo. Rev Stat. 39-1-102(16); and, personal property is defined as "everything that is the subject of ownership and that is not included within the term 'real property,'" Colo. Rev. Stat. 39-1-102(11). The aircraft, therefore, fit within the definitions of taxable property and personal property. The Appellants note that GECC and Bavaria almost certainly intended to remove the aircraft from Colorado after the leases were terminated; therefore, they conclude that the treasurer had reason to believe that taxable personal property was going to be removed from Colorado and was authorized to distrain, seize, and sell the aircraft. This interpretation of Colo. Rev. Stat. 39-10-113 proves too much. It would not distinguish between property of the lessor and the lessee, let alone the property of third parties. Under Appellants' interpretation, the treasurer would be able to distrain, seize, and sell every vehicle traveling in Colorado on the interstate regardless of ownership. Motor vehicles are clearly within the statutory definition of taxable personal property and the treasurer would have reason to believe that the driver would remove the vehicle from Colorado and render any taxes uncollectible. The goal in statutory interpretation is to determine and give effect to the intent of the legislature. Bertrand v. Bd. of County Comm'rs, 872 P.2d 223, 228 (Colo. 1994) (en banc). To ascertain that intent, it is presumed that a just and reasonable result is intended, Colo. Rev. Stat. 2-4-201(c), and statutory terms are given their plain and ordinary meaning. Bertrand, 872 P.2d at 228 (citing Engelbrecht v. Hartford Accident & Indem., 680 P.2d 231, 233 (Colo. 1984)). Clearly, the Appellant's interpretation of Colo. Rev. Stat. 39-10-113 is not a just and reasonable result and, therefore, could not have been what the Colorado legislature intended. Colo. Rev. Stat. 2-4-201(c). The intention of the legislature must have been that "any taxable personal property" means any taxable personal property of the taxpayer. This interpretation of Colo. Rev. Stat. 39-10-113 makes it consistent with Colo. Rev. Stat. 39-10-111(11), which authorizes the distraint, seizure, and sale of any of the personal property of the utility. See Colo. Rev. Stat. 2-4-205 (if possible, general and specific statutes are to be read in a non-conflicting...

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