Gulf Fisheries Co v. Inerney

• Decision Date: 20 February 1928
• Docket Number: No. 178,178
• Citation: 72 L.Ed. 495,276 U.S. 124,48 S.Ct. 227
• Parties: GULF FISHERIES CO. v. MacINERNEY, County Attorney
• Court: U.S. Supreme Court

276 U.S. 124

48 S.Ct. 227

72 L.Ed. 495

GULF FISHERIES CO.

v MacINERNEY, County Attorney.

No. 178.

Argued Jan. 16, 1928.

Decided Feb. 20, 1928.

Mr. Brantley Harris, of Galveston, Tex., for appellant.

Messrs. D. A. Simmons and Claude Pollard, both of Austin, Tex., for appellee.

Mr. Justice BRANDEIS delivered the opinion of the Court.

The general statutes of Texas provide that no person shall engage in the business of wholesale dealer in fish without procuring a license from the game, fish and oyster commissioner; that the licensee shall pay a tax of $1 for each 1,000 pounds of fish handled by him; and that failure to pay the tax shall constitute a misdemeanor for which the person offending may be punished. Pen. Code Tex. 1925, art. 936.

The Gulf Fisheries Company, a New York corporation engaged in the wholesale fish business at Galveston, Tex., brought this suit against the county attorney, in the federal court for southern Texas. The bill alleged that, as applied to the plaintiff, the above statute is void, as it lays an impost on imports and burdens foreign and interstate commerce, thus violating the Federal Constitution (Article 1, § 10, par. 2; Article 1, § 8, par. 3); that, because the statute is void, plaintiff refused to pay the tax demanded; that, because of its refusal, criminal proceedings are threatened; and that, unless these are enjoined, plaintiff will be subjected to irreparable injury to an amount exceeding $3,000. Both an interlocutory and a final injunction were prayed for. A temporary restraining order issued. An application for the interlocutory injunction was made and heard before three judges under section 266 of the Judicial Code (28 USCA § 380). The defendant moved to dismiss the bill; and also answered. Upon final hearing before the three judges the 'temporary injunction' was dissolved; the final injunction was denied; and the bill was dismissed. Gulf Fisheries Co. v. Darrouzet, 17 F.(2d) 374. The case is here on direct appeal from the final decree. Smith v. Wilson, 273 U. S. 388, 47 S. Ct. 385, 71 L. Ed. 699; Clark v. Poor, 274 U. S. 554, 47 S. Ct. 702, 71 L. Ed. 1199.

Here the only claim made by the company is that the statute as applied lays an impost on imports. The county attorney denies that the fish taxed are imports, insists that even if they are imports, the tax is valid as a license fee exacted to defray the cost of inspection, and contends that the imposition is, in any event, valid, because the fish, before the tax is laid, become mingled with the common mass of property in the state and thus lose their character as imports and their exemptions from state taxation. We have no occasion to inquire whether the fish are imports. Nor need we inquire whether the statute could be sustained as an inspection law. On the facts agreed, the tax is not laid until the fish have lost their alleged distinctive character as imports and have become, through processing, handling and sale, a part of the mass of property subject to taxation by the state. The facts are these:

The fish are caught in the Gulf of Mexico and are landed, in bulk, by the fishing boats on the wharf of the Galveston Wharf Company. That is the Gulf Fisheries Company's only place of business. And there it has the privileges required for the conduct of its business. It has space for unloading the fish, has several large bins or ice boxes for storage, handling and re-icing; has space for loading fish on express cars, and has space for the office work incident to the loading, selling and shipping. After the fish are unloaded from the vessels, all are weighed and washed. All are immediately re-iced to prevent spoiling. About 75 per cent. are there beheaded and gutted; 7 to 10 per cent. are gutted and gilled with heads on; the remainder are left for sale without beheading or removing gills or entrails. All, except 15 to 20 per cent., which are sold to wholesale dealers within the city, are...