People v. Gee, Docket No. 60769
| Decision Date | 18 May 1979 |
| Docket Number | Docket No. 60769 |
| Citation | 278 N.W.2d 304,406 Mich. 279 |
| Parties | PEOPLE of the State of Michigan, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Robert Earl GEE, Defendant-Appellant. 406 Mich. 279, 278 N.W.2d 304 |
| Court | Michigan Supreme Court |
Robert E. Gee, in pro. per.
The defendant asks us to decide whether the trial judge in a criminal sexual assault case erred in allowing testimony under the excited utterance exception to the hearsay rule by the complainant's boyfriend as to what complainant told him about the alleged assault 12 hours after the assault.
The complainant met the defendant at a party at the home of mutual friends. They had met before, but were only slightly acquainted.
At about midnight the complainant accepted the defendant's offer of a ride home, as did two other persons at the party. The defendant dropped off the other two, but did not take the complainant directly home, in spite of her request that he do so. After driving around for awhile, the complainant became fearful. The defendant then stopped in a rural area. The two eventually engaged in sexual intercourse; the complainant claimed it was against her will and accomplished by physical force while the defendant claimed it was by mutual consent. After the intercourse, the defendant drove the complainant to her home.
The defendant was charged with first-degree criminal sexual conduct. M.C.L. § 750.520b(1)(f); M.S.A. § 28.788(2)(1)(f). He was convicted as charged after a nonjury trial.
The complainant's boyfriend was called as a prosecution witness. He testified that he saw the complainant the day after the event when she arrived at a friend's apartment between noon and 1 p. m. Thus, by the boyfriend's account, this conversation occurred about 12 hours after the episode with the defendant. 1
Before any testimony about what the complainant told her boyfriend, defense counsel objected. The prosecutor responded that anything she told her boyfriend would be admissible under the excited utterance exception to the hearsay rule. The trial judge instructed the prosecutor that before he would admit testimony about the complainant's statements to her boyfriend, a better foundation on which to claim the exception would have to be made.
The witness testified that when his girlfriend showed up at the apartment she was upset and " * * * crying a little bit". She first acted as if she didn't want to talk about what was troubling her, but then in response to his questions told him what happened the night before.
Defense counsel again objected to any testimony about specific statements made by the complainant to her boyfriend. After further argument the trial judge ruled that he would allow the testimony, but he reserved any ruling on whether he would actually consider the testimony in his capacity as fact finder.
The testimony of the boyfriend corroborated the complainant's version of the episode with the defendant. 2
After this testimony the trial judge ruled that he would " * * * receive and accept the story or narrative related by (the complainant) to Mr. Jackson (the boyfriend)." He found the statement to be a spontaneous or excited utterance and that the time lapse between the startling event and the complainant's recitation to her boyfriend did not preclude the testimony. Because the complainant's trial testimony was essentially similar to what the boyfriend said she told him the day after the incident, the judge concluded that the statement was not contrived or the product of reflection.
Otherwise objectionable hearsay testimony may be admissible if it amounts to an excited utterance. An excited utterance is defined as:
"A statement relating to a startling event or condition made while the declarant was under the stress of excitement caused by the event or condition." MRE 803(2). 3
To come within the excited utterance exception to the hearsay rule, a statement must meet three criteria: (1) it must arise out of a startling occasion; 4 (2) it must be made before there has been time to contrive and misrepresent; and (3) it must relate to the circumstances of the startling occasion. People v. Cunningham, 398 Mich. 514, 519, 248 N.W.2d 166 (1976), citing Rogers v. Saginaw B. C. R. Co., 187 Mich. 490, 493-494, 153 N.W. 784 (1915).
Based on the facts in the record, we hold that the statement of the complainant to her boyfriend did not meet the second criterion in that it was not made before there was time to contrive and misrepresent. 5 The 12- to 20-hour lapse between event and statement was enough time for consideration of self-interest. There is no plausible explanation for the delay which would excuse the delay and permit an extension of the...
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...430 Mich. 891, 425 N.W.2d 77 (1988). II. THE ADMISSIBILITY OF THE COMPLAINANT'S STATEMENTS UNDER MRE 803(2) A In People v. Gee, 406 Mich. 279, 282; 278 N.W.2d 304 (1979), this Court described the excited utterance exception to the hearsay rule as Otherwise objectionable hearsay testimony ma......
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