29,536 La.App. 2 Cir. 6/20/97, Bullock v. Homestead Ins. Co.

• Decision Date: 20 June 1997
• Citation: 697 So.2d 712
• Parties: 29,536 La.App. 2 Cir
• Court: Court of Appeal of Louisiana — District of US

Page 712

697 So.2d 712

29,536 La.App. 2 Cir. 6/20/97

Clarence BULLOCK, Plaintiff-Respondent, v. HOMESTEAD INSURANCE CO., et al., Defendants-Applicants.

No. 29536-CW.

Court of Appeal of Louisiana Second Circuit.

June 20, 1997.

William S. Carter, Jr., Ruston, for applicants.

Tracy L. Oakley, Ruston, for respondent.

Before MARVIN, C.J., and GASKINS and CARAWAY, JJ.

GASKINS, Judge.

The defendants in this suit for uninsured/underinsured motorist (UM) coverage, Homestead Insurance Company and Rebel Transport, Inc., contend that the trial court erred in denying their motion for summary judgment that UM coverage had been properly rejected by a named insured and thus no UM coverage was provided. Instead, the trial court granted the plaintiff's motion for summary judgment that the policy provided UM coverage in the amount of $750,000. We granted a supervisory writ to consider the correctness of the trial court's ruling. We now reverse the summary judgment in favor of the plaintiff and grant summary judgment in favor of the defendants.

FACTS

On November 29, 1993, the plaintiff, Clarence Bullock, Jr., was injured in an auto accident in Texas which was caused by the fault of an underinsured driver. The plaintiff was driving a tractor/trailer owned by his father, Clarence Bullock, Sr.; the truck had been leased by the senior Bullock to Rebel, an interstate ICC carrier. Rebel leased trucks from individual owners so the owners could operate under its ICC permit. Under the terms of the lease, Rebel agreed to secure liability insurance for the leased vehicle. In pertinent part, the lease provided:

III.

LESSEES [Rebel] shall secure Public Liability, Property Damage and Cargo Insurance Coverage meeting the requirement of the States under which the vehicle so leased will be operating. The money for this insurance will be deducted from the weekly settlement sheets as needed to maintain the above coverage.

IV.

LESSEES [Rebel] hereby agrees to pay rental for said equipment the sum of 85% (less cost of liability and cargo insurance) of the Gross Revenue derived from the hauling performed by the unit herein covered....

Rebel obtained a Homestead policy with liability coverage of $750,000, effective November 18, 1993. The policy listed the tractor and trailer owned by Bullock, Sr. and operated by Bullock, Jr. The named insured was Rebel; the senior Bullock was an additional insured by endorsement, as were several other truck owners who leased to Rebel. Bullock Sr. paid the premiums monthly by deductions from funds due the truck under the lease. By a form dated November 18, 1993, Rebel's president, Troy Biscomb, rejected UM coverage for the listed vehicles. By affidavit, Bullock, Sr. stated that he was never given the opportunity to accept or reject UM coverage.

The younger Bullock sued the defendants for UM coverage. The parties filed cross motions for summary judgment on essentially the same issue, the validity of the waiver of UM coverage. In his motion for summary judgment, the plaintiff contended that the UM rejection by Mr. Biscomb was not enforceable. In their opposing motion for summary judgment, the defendants asserted that the rejection was valid. The trial court granted the plaintiff's motion for summary judgment while denying the defendants' motion.

The defendants' application for supervisory writs was granted by this court.

LAW

Summary judgment

Summary judgments are reviewed on appeal de novo under the same criteria that govern the district court's consideration of whether summary judgment is appropriate. Schroeder v. Board of Supervisors of Louisiana State University, 591 So.2d 342 (La.1991); Smith v. Our Lady of the Lake Hospital, Inc., 93-2512 (La.7/5/94), 639 So.2d 730.

Effective May 1, 1996, La.C.C.P. art. 966 was amended to provide that the summary judgment procedure is now favored. The amended article has been construed as procedural in nature and, therefore, subject to retroactive application. See Short v. Giffin, 96-0361 (La.App. 4th Cir. 8/21/96), 682 So.2d 249, and Curtis v. Curtis, 28698 (La.App.2d Cir. 9/25/96), 680 So.2d 1327. However, regardless of whether or not summary judgments are favored, the amended version of La.C.C.P. art. 966 does not change the law regarding the burden of proof in a summary judgment proceeding. The burden of proof remains on the mover to show "that there is no genuine issue as to material fact and that the mover is entitled to judgment as a matter of law." La. C.C.P. art. 966(C).

UM coverage

In Louisiana, UM coverage is provided for by statute and embodies a strong public policy. Roger v. Estate of Moulton, 513 So.2d 1126 (La.1987). The object of the Louisiana UM statute is to promote full recovery of damages by innocent automobile accident victims by making UM coverage available for their benefit as primary protection when the negligent motorist is without insurance. The statute is to be liberally construed to carry out this objective. Hoefly v. Government Employees Insurance Company, 418 So.2d 575 (La.1982); Tapia v. Ham, 480 So.2d 855 (La.App. 2d Cir.1985).

To effectuate its goal of protecting innocent victims from uninsured or underinsured motorists, uninsured motorist coverage is deemed to exist in all automobile policies in an amount equal to the liability limit unless the insured expressly rejects the uninsured motorist coverage. Roger v. Estate of Moulton, supra.

In pertinent part, La. R.S. 22:1406, the UM statute, provides:

D. The following provisions shall govern the issuance of uninsured motorist coverage in this state:

(1)(a)(i) No automobile liability insurance covering liability arising out of the ownership, maintenance, or use of any motor vehicle shall be delivered or issued for delivery in this state with respect to any motor vehicle designed for use on public highways and required to be registered in this state or as provided in this Subsection unless coverage is provided therein or supplemental thereto, in not less than the limits of bodily injury liability provided by the policy, under provisions filed with and approved by the commissioner of insurance, for the protection of persons insured thereunder who are legally entitled to recover nonpunitive damages from owners or operators of uninsured or underinsured motor vehicles because of bodily injury, sickness, or disease, including death resulting therefrom; however, the coverage required under this Subsection shall not be applicable where any insured named in the policy shall reject in writing, as provided herein, the coverage or selects lower limits. In no event shall the policy limits of an uninsured motorist policy be less than the minimum liability limits required under R.S. 32:900. Such coverage need not be provided in or supplemental to a renewal, reinstatement, or substitute policy where the named insured has rejected the coverage or selected lower limits in connection with a policy previously issued to him by the same insurer or any of its affiliates. The coverage provided under this Subsection may exclude coverage for punitive or exemplary damages by the terms of the policy or contract. (Emphasis added.)

As emphasized above, the UM statute provides that UM coverage may be rejected by "any insured named in the policy." That phrase has been equated with the term "named insured." Oncale v. Aetna Casualty and Surety Company, 417 So.2d 471 (La.App. 1st Cir.1982). A wife who qualified under the policy definition of a "named insured" was deemed entitled to reject UM coverage in her own right, not as the agent of her husband, the only "named insured" on the declarations page. Oncale, supra. Where both spouses were listed as named insureds in the policy, either one had authority to select lower UM limits. Huguet v. State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Co., 619 So.2d 186 (La.App. 3d Cir.1993), writ denied, 625 So.2d 1059 (La.1993). In Haney v. Zurich Insurance Company, 96-0393 (La.App. 4th Cir. 9/22/96), 680 So.2d 1270, writ denied, 96-2443 (La.12/6/96), 684 So.2d 933, the court found that any of several entities listed as named insured in a policy had authority to reject UM coverage or select lower limits. In that case, a UM coverage form signed by a company representative was applicable to one of its subsidiaries.

An insured under a commercial fleet automobile liability policy is generally not required to execute a new rejection of UM coverage when he adds a new vehicle to his existing policy. A fleet policy by its nature envisions the frequent addition and subtraction of vehicles from coverage. See Chevalier v. Ream, 94-741 (La.App. 3d Cir. 12/7/94), 649 So.2d 746; and Latiolais v. Liberty Mutual Insurance Co., 93-579 (La.App. 3d Cir. 5/4/94), 640 So.2d 448, writ denied, 94-1420 (La.9/23/94) 642 So.2d 1289. However, in a situation where vehicles are not regularly substituted, a new rejection of UM coverage may be required. See Perkins v. Guaranty National Insurance Company, 95-229 (La.App. 3d Cir. 11/2/95), 667 So.2d 559, writ denied, 96-0759 (La.5/31/96), 673 So.2d 1033.

Pursuant to the strong public policy in favor of UM coverage, the jurisprudence has generally held that a vehicle lessor who agrees to provide liability insurance protection to the lessee is an insurer who must provide UM coverage as required by La. R.S. 22:1406. See Ashline v. Simon, 466 So.2d 622 (La.App. 5th Cir.1985); Tapia v. Ham, supra; Pollard v. Champion Insurance Company, 532 So.2d 838 (La.App. 4th Cir.1988), writ denied, 533 So.2d 374 (La.1988); Jones v. King, 549 So.2d 350 (La.App. 5th Cir.1989), writ denied, 552 So.2d 401 (La.1989); Quittem v. National Car Rental Systems, Inc., 582 So.2d 1337 (La.App. 4th Cir.1991); Robinson v. Moore, 580 So.2d 1109 (La.App. 4th Cir.1991), writs denied, 586 So.2d 557, 558 (La.1991); Akers v. Avis Rent-ACar, 587 So.2d 831 (La.App. 4th Cir.1991), writ denied, 592 So.2d 1299 (La.1992); Trobaugh v. Migliore, 597 So.2d 494 (La.App. 1st Cir.1992). In essence, many of these...