Homer v. Richmond, 15751.

Citation292 F.2d 719
Decision Date20 April 1961
Docket NumberNo. 15751.,15751.
PartiesEdward HOMER et al., Appellants v. Alfred C. RICHMOND, Commandant, United States Coast Guard, Appellee.
CourtUnited States Courts of Appeals. United States Court of Appeals (District of Columbia)

Mr. Leonard Boudin, Washington, D. C., with whom Messrs. David Rein and Joseph Forer, Washington, D. C., were on the brief, for appellants.

Mr. DeWitt White, Attorney, Department of Justice, with whom Mr. Kevin T. Maroney, Attorney, Department of Justice, was on the brief, for appellee.

Before BAZELON, FAHY and WASHINGTON, Circuit Judges.

FAHY, Circuit Judge.

The appellants, Homer, McCrea and Colcord, sued appellee, Commandant of the United States Coast Guard, for a direction by the court that the Commandant issue licenses to appellants as radiotelegraph officers eligible to serve as such in the United States Merchant Marine. They also sought a declaratory judgment that the regulations pursuant to which their applications had been denied by the Commandant were unconstitutional as applied to appellants. Summary judgment was granted in favor of the Commandant.

In denying the applications the Commandant had relied upon the Act of May 12, 1948.1 This statute requires radiotelegraph operators on vessels of the Merchant Marine to be "licensed officers," and that an applicant must possess a valid first- or second-class radio-telegraph operator license issued by the Federal Communications Commission. It also provides,

"if, upon full consideration, they the inspectors are satisfied that his the applicant\'s character, habits of life, and physical condition are such as to authorize the belief that he is a suitable and safe person to be entrusted with the powers and duties of such a station, they shall grant him a license * * *."2

Under the regulations the Commandant may reject an application,

"when derogatory information has been brought to his attention which indicates that the applicant\'s character and habits of life are such as to authorize the belief that he is not a suitable and safe person to be entrusted with the duties of radiotelegraph operator on any vessel."3

Others excluded are those convicted of violating narcotic laws within ten years prior to applying,4 or of certain named offenses committed on shipboard, or persons who use, sell or possess narcotics, or have been disapproved for service as radio operators aboard merchant vessels of the United States in time of war, or have been issued a dishonorable discharge from the armed services of the United States.

Prior to the Act of May 12, 1948, appellants were radiotelegraph operators on board vessels of the United States Merchant Marine. Each applied for a license under the Act. When these were denied in October 1949 by a Board of Officers appointed to investigate appellants, they dropped the matter until after the decision of the United States Court of Appeals in Parker v. Lester, 9 Cir., 1955, 227 F.2d 708, reversing D.C., 112 F.Supp. 433. This decision held invalid the procedures of the Coast Guard under the Magnuson Act5 for screening seamen for employment in the Merchant Marine. Appellants then renewed their applications, which were again denied by reference to the previous denials. Homer and McCrea thereupon requested hearings, which were also denied, followed by these actions in the District Court.

After the actions were instituted the files respecting appellants were reviewed by another Board of Officers convened by the Commandant for the purpose. The Board made detailed findings, and concluded as to each appellant that the accumulative effect of the findings indicated appellants' untrustworthiness and that their character and habits of life were such as to warrant the conclusion they were not safe and suitable persons to be entrusted with the powers and duties of the position sought. In each case this conclusion was concurred in by the Commandant and each appellant was so informed by letter dated March 27, 1959.

As we have seen, a precise statutory qualification for a license as a radiotelegraph operator of any vessel is that he possess a valid first- or second-class radiotelegraph operator license issued by the Federal Communications Commission.6 The validity of this provision is not questioned; nor is it questioned that Colcord did not have such a license. Accordingly, the judgment for the Commandant on the complaint of Colcord will be affirmed.

In the case of appellant McCrea the papers before the District Court on the motion for summary judgment included the letter to McCrea of March 27, 1959, which detailed the basis for the Commandant's action. The findings set forth in the letter include the following: that McCrea had been discharged from employment with Bendix Aviation Company in 1941 because of Communist activities; that on three separate occasions he had received official reprimands from superior officers while himself serving in the capacity of ship's radio officer for reasons including intoxication, incompetence, and delaying the sailing time of a vessel; that he had given false and fraudulent answers in connection with his instant application and also in connection with an application for a commercial radio operator license in 1946; that he had given false testimony under oath in an official proceeding of the Federal Communications Commission; that he had been arrested and convicted for driving while drunk on two occasions, for drunkenness, and for maintaining and operating an unlicensed transmitter at Santa Anita in conjunction with confederates outside the race track in violation of section 301 of the Communications Act of 1934, 47 U.S.C.A. § 301; and that he had served with the Loyalist Forces in the Spanish Civil War for approximately one and one-half years as a member of the International Brigade. With respect to McCrea's activity in the Communist Party, the letter stated that he was an active member of the Party from 1936 to 1947, active in the recruitment of new members, and notwithstanding that in 1952 he advised representatives of a federal investigative agency that he and his wife had disassociated from affiliation with the Party after 1947, he continued to subscribe to various Communist publications and to have certain copies sent to homes of fellow employees. The letter stated that after a review of the foregoing the Commandant concurred in the action of the Board of Officers in denying McCrea's application.

With regard to appellant Homer, the Commandant's letter to him of March 27, 1959, stated that the Board of Officers convened to review and consider his application had found that for a period of at least ten years from 1936 to 1946 he was active in the Communist Party in the New York City area, including service as organizer of the Waterfront Section of the Party under the alias of Edward Phillips, and was employed as secretary of the Section; that he was in charge of a Communist school at Beacon, New York, prior to 1940; that he distributed copies of the "Daily Worker," the official organ of the Party; that it was reported that he was a leader of the "top fraction" of the Communist Party group in the American Radio Telegraphists Association; that prior to 1942 he advocated affiliation between the Association and the American League Against War and Fascism, and that information reflected that the latter served as a Communist front organization; that Homer's name appeared on a 1942 Communist Party nominating petition to have the organization's name placed on a state ballot in New York State; and that he was a dues-paying member of the Party as recently as February 1955. The Commandant's letter also referred to records of the Navy Department which indicated that in 1952 the Navy had disapproved Homer's continued employment as a commercial radio operator aboard United States vessels on the basis of a finding that he was suspected of engaging in un-American activities; that his wife had been active in the Communist Party both in New York City and Los Angeles from 1942 to 1958; and that his father-in-law, Max Steinberg, who resides with Homer, has devoted the greater portion of his life from the late 1920s to the present to activities in behalf of the Communist Party. The Commandant stated that he had personally reviewed the findings of fact and recommendations of the Board and concurred with the Board's conclusion that the accumulative effect of the stated information indicated Homer's untrustworthiness and that his character and habits of life are such that he is not a suitable person to be entrusted with the powers and duties of the position for which he desired to be licensed, for which reason his application was denied.

The Commandant, referring to Bailey v. Richardson, 86 U.S.App.D.C. 248, 182 F.2d 46, affirmed by an equally divided Court, 341 U.S. 918, 71 S.Ct. 669, 95 L. Ed. 1352, takes the position that McCrea and Homer have no constitutional right to the licenses and therefore his action, which precluded their employment as radiotelegraph operators on vessels of the Merchant Marine, has not deprived them of liberty or property without due process of law. In our view lack of a constitutional right to a license or to the positions sought does not solve the problem. The question should be stated as whether McCrea and Homer have been deprived of an employment opportunity in private industry by governmental action which does not meet the requirements of the Due Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment. One may not have a constitutional right to go to Baghdad, but the Government may not prohibit one from going there unless by means consonant with due process of law.

The denial of appellants' applications for the licenses significantly curtailed their ability to follow an employment in which they had previously engaged. This was a curtailment of their liberty. See Allgeyer v. State of Louisiana, 165 U.S. 578, 589-590, 17 S.Ct. 427, 41 L.Ed. 832, and Williams v....

To continue reading

Request your trial
27 cases
  • Davis v. United States
    • United States
    • U.S. District Court — District of Kansas
    • March 25, 1976
    ...Wis.1971); Rios v. Hackney, 294 F.Supp. 885 (N.D.Tex.1967); Smith v. Ladner, 288 F.Supp. 66 (D.Miss.1968); Homer v. Richmond, 110 U.S.App.D.C. 226, 292 F.2d 719, 722 (1961); Cf. Shaw v. Hospital Authority of Cobb County, 507 F.2d 625 (5th Cir. In addition to Roth, supra, the reasoning of th......
  • Cafeteria and Restaurant Workers Union, Local 473 v. Elroy
    • United States
    • U.S. Supreme Court
    • June 19, 1961
    ...but the Government may not prohibit one from going there unless by means consonant with due process of law.' Homer v. Richmond, 110 U.S.App.D.C. 226, 229, 292 F.2d 719, 722. It is the petitioners' claim that due process in this case required that Rachel Brawner be advised of the specific gr......
  • Ogden v. United States
    • United States
    • U.S. Court of Appeals — Ninth Circuit
    • June 20, 1962
    ...in this area to the various Military Departments. 10 Parker v. Lester, 227 F.2d 708, 715 (9th Cir. 1955). Compare Homer v. Richmond, 292 F.2d 719, 722-723 (D.C. Cir. 1961); Borrow v. F.C.C., 109 U.S. App.D.C. 224, 285 F.2d 666, 668 (1960), cert. denied 364 U.S. 892, 81 S.Ct. 223, 5 L.Ed.2d ......
  • Saffioti v. Wilson
    • United States
    • U.S. District Court — Southern District of New York
    • March 24, 1975
    ...but the government may not prohibit one from going there unless by means consonant with due process of law." Homer v. Richmond, 110 U.S.App.D.C. 226, 292 F. 2d 719, 722 (1961). Thompson v. Gallagher, 489 F.2d 443, 446 (5 Cir. 1973). See also Beatham v. Manson, 369 F.Supp. 783, 790-92 (D. Co......
  • Request a trial to view additional results

VLEX uses login cookies to provide you with a better browsing experience. If you click on 'Accept' or continue browsing this site we consider that you accept our cookie policy. ACCEPT