Deaton Truck Line, Inc. v. LOCAL UNION 612, ETC.

• Citation: 314 F.2d 418
• Decision Date: 14 March 1963
• Docket Number: No. 19688.,19688.
• Parties: DEATON TRUCK LINE, INC., Appellant, v. LOCAL UNION 612, AFFILIATED WITH the INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF TEAMSTERS, CHAUFFEURS, WAREHOUSEMEN AND HELPERS OF AMERICA, Appellee.
• Court: United States Courts of Appeals. United States Court of Appeals (5th Circuit)

314 F.2d 418 (1962)

DEATON TRUCK LINE, INC., Appellant, v. LOCAL UNION 612, AFFILIATED WITH the INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF TEAMSTERS, CHAUFFEURS, WAREHOUSEMEN AND HELPERS OF AMERICA, Appellee.

No. 19688.

United States Court of Appeals Fifth Circuit.

November 16, 1962.

Rehearing Denied March 14, 1963.

C. V. Stelzenmuller, M. L. Taliaferro, Birmingham, Ala. (Moore, Thomas, Taliaferro, Forman & Burr, Birmingham, Ala., of counsel), for appellant.

Douglas Corretti, Birmingham, Ala., L. N. D. Wells, Jr., Dallas, Tex., David Previant, Milwaukee, Wis., Donald L. Newsom, Birmingham, Ala. (Mullinax, Wells, Morris & Mauzy, Dallas, Tex., Corretti & Newsom, Birmingham, Ala., of counsel), for appellee.

Before RIVES, JONES and BELL, Circuit Judges.

RIVES, Circuit Judge.

Appellee, Local Union 612, sued appellant, Deaton Truck Line, Inc., for specific performance of an agreement to arbitrate two labor disputes or grievances. Jurisdiction was claimed under Section 301(a) of the Taft-Hartley Act, 29 U.S.C.A. § 185(a).¹

Deaton is an irregular route common carrier by motor vehicle operating under a certificate of convenience and necessity granted by the Interstate Commerce Commission. It operates approximately 250 tractor power units, but owns only two such units in over-the-road operation. The remaining tractor power units are leased by Deaton under leases which provide that the owners of the tractors shall purchase and pay for the State license tags. The "vast majority" of the men who own tractors drive their own units. Others own trucks and tractors but do not drive. Several drivers own more than one unit of equipment. Some wives of drivers own units and engage men to drive them. Deaton has 4 or 5 yardmen (including Harry Williams, a city truck driver) and two over-the-road drivers who are, without dispute, its employees.

The Union disclaimed representation of "owners" who do not drive, but claimed to represent owner-drivers, as well as the few drivers who were admittedly employees. Owner-drivers pay for fuel, maintenance, and other operating expenses of their units. They are compensated on a basis of percentage of gross revenue — 20% as to ordinary freight, and 25% as to freight that is over length, over width, or carries a premium rate. The two over-the-road drivers who drive units owned by Deaton are paid on the basis of 20% of revenue.

An agreement in the form of a collective bargaining contract was entered into between the Union and Deaton effective from August 1, 1959 through July 31, 1962.² The contract contains some twenty-six articles. By its terms, Deaton agrees "* * * that all Mechanics, Helpers, Drivers, Driver Owners, etc. covered by this Agreement, employed by the Company must become members of Local Union No. 612 if their employment continues beyond thirty (30) days from the date of their hiring." There are provisions for a check-off of Union dues and initiation fees, for a Union grievance committee, for time off to attend to Union business, for wages, hours, and vacations, seniority, etc. In part, the contract provides:

"Non-Owner Drivers of Leased Equipment

"(a) Drivers shall be paid once per week on Saturday morning 10 to 12 Noon for all bills turned in to the Birmingham Terminal prior to 3 p. m. Friday.

"(b) Owners of leased equipment agree drivers of said equipment shall be paid a minimum of:

"20% of gross revenue

"All freight such as over length — over width — or freight carrying premium rate driver shall receive 25% of gross revenue.

"(c) The Company shall continue to operate on a percentage of revenue basis:

"Complete Unit 75% of gross

"6th Class Freight or better 70% of gross."

The complaint filed by the Union sought arbitration with respect to the claimed violation by Deaton of two provisions of the contract:

"Company City truck driver to be paid the prevailing Birmingham rate."

"State Mileage Tax and License Tag

"In the event that the Alabama mileage tax is repealed and license tags are increased the Company agrees to pay the equivalent of the tax to the operators to apply on the increased cost of the Alabama State License Tag, not to exceed increase in cost of the Alabama State License Tag."

The provisions for arbitration are included in Article 6, as follows:

"Grievance Procedure

"Grievance or disputes arising in connection with this contract will be handled in the following manner:

"1. The Committee will make every effort to settle the matter.

"2. Failure on the part of the Committee to satisfactorily settle the matter. It will be referred to the Local Union and Top Management for settlement.

"If the Union and the Company fail to agree, the dispute may be submitted to the arbitration and the decision of the arbiter shall be final. The arbiter shall have authority to make awards on all matters coming within the scope of this agreement except on matters pertaining to increase or decrease of compensation to the Employees unless provided for in this Agreement. The arbiter to be agreed upon by the parties.

"Cost of arbitration, if necessary, will be equally shared by the parties.

"It is agreed that the best interest of the parties is served by the handling of appeals as soon as possible and every effort will be made to have a decision in seven (7) days.

"There shall be no strikes or lockouts by the parties until the grievance procedure herein has been complied with."

The parties are in accord that by an Act of the Legislature of Alabama, effective October 1, 1961, the mileage tax was repealed and the cost of license tags was increased by from $50.00 to $450.00. Code of Alabama Recompiled 1958, Pocket Supplement, Title 51, Sec. 697(1) (b). The district court found:

"A dispute arose between the company and the union as to the meaning and construction of the provision in the contract pertaining to the State Mileage Tax and License Tags, and considerable negotiation was had by officials of the company and the union, and their respective attorneys. The union demanded arbitration of the issue. The company agreed to submit the question to arbitration, but specifically limited its agreement to arbitrate to submitting the contract and briefs to the arbiter, without the taking of any testimony whatsoever. The union refused to submit the issue to arbitration on such a limited basis, and brought this action to compel the company to arbitrate as provided by Article 6 of the contract between the parties * * *."

As to the wage rates of Harry Williams, Deaton's city truck driver, the district court found:

"* * * It is not disputed that Williams has been paid at all times since the commencement of the agreement the sum of $2.54 per hour. The union contends that the Birmingham prevailing rate is $2.77 per hour. The union has demanded orally and in writing, that this question be submitted to arbitration. Although the company contends that it has never refused to arbitrate this issue, the union has been demanding arbitration of the wage scale of Williams for many months and no arbitration of this issue has been held."

The district court ordered and adjudged:

"1. That the issue of the wages, past, present and future, of defendant\'s employee, Harry Williams, be submitted to an arbiter to be agreed upon by the parties within fifteen days from the date of this decree.

"2. That the rights, liabilities and responsibilities of the defendant company and other persons subject to the contract with reference to the `state mileage tax\' be submitted to an arbiter to be agreed upon by the parties within thirty days from the date of this decree.

"3. In the event the parties have not agreed upon an arbiter as provided for by the terms of the contract, and such fact is made known to this Court in writing by counsel of either party, this Court will appoint an arbiter to hear and decide the issues specified in Paragraphs 1 and 2 above."

The main issue urged by Deaton on this appeal is that the district court had no jurisdiction under Section 301 of the Taft-Hartley Act, 29 U.S.C.A. § 185 (n. 1, supra) over the mileage tax-license tag dispute because it was not a labor grievance but a commercial dispute between independent contractor-lessors and their lessee. Deaton's contention is predicated upon too narrow a meaning of "contracts" as used in Section 301(a) (n. 1, supra). It is now settled that "contracts", as there used, includes more than "collective bargaining agreements," and is broad enough to include any agreement "between employers and labor organizations significant to the maintenance of labor peace between them." Retail Clerks International Ass'n, Local Unions Nos. 128 and 633 v. Lion Dry Goods, Inc., 1962, 369 U.S. 17, 27, 28, 82 S.Ct. 541, 548, 7 L.Ed.2d 503. The Supreme Court has heretofore taken the position that it is not necessary to determine whether owner-operators are "employees" protected by the Act, since the establishment of minimum rental to them was integral to the establishment of a stable wage structure for clearly covered employee-drivers. Local 24 of International Brotherhood of Teamsters, Chauffeurs, Warehousemen and Helpers of America, AFL-CIO v. Oliver, 1959, 358 U.S. 283, 294-295, 79 S.Ct. 297, 3 L. Ed.2d 312; United States v. Drum, 1962, 368 U.S. 370, 382, n. 26, 82 S.Ct. 408, 7 L.Ed.2d 360. It is true that in Oliver, approved in Drum, the bargaining unit included an overwhelming majority of concededly employed drivers, while in the present case there are very few admitted employees, and an overwhelming majority of lessor-drivers. However, the Union points out, soundly we think, that it has a legitimate interest in protecting its area wage standards. See In re Local Union No. 741, etc. (Keith Riggs Plumbing, etc.), 1962, 137 NLRB No. 121, 50 L.R.R.M. 1313 at 1314. Moreover, Deaton acknowledges that it has some "employees." It cannot, then, be denied that the contract was "between an employer and a labor organization representing employees etc.." within the meaning of Section 301(a) ...