Commonwealth v. Hill
| Decision Date | 28 October 1975 |
| Parties | COMMONWEALTH of Pennsylvania v. Izear HILL and Fred Hill, Appellants. |
| Court | Pennsylvania Superior Court |
Allen N. Brunwasser, Pittsburgh, for appellants.
John J. Hickton, Dist. Atty., Robert L. Eberhardt, Asst. Dist Atty., for appellee.
Before WATKINS, President Judge, and JACOBS, HOFFMAN, CERCONE PRICE, VAN der VOORT and SPAETH, JJ.
This is an appeal from the judgment of sentence, Criminal Division of the Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County by the defendants-appellants, Izear Hill and Fred Hill, after conviction by a jury of possession of and trafficking in heroin and cocaine; and from the denial of post-trial motions.
On August 19 1971, three detectives, armed with search warrants for the persons of each of the defendants, for the residence at 250 Sebring Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and for a 1969 Oldsmobile which belonged to the defendant Izear Hill, rang the doorbell to the residence at 250 Sebring Avenue and received no answer although the lights were on inside the premises. The officers then set up a surveillance of the premises two doors away. About one-half hour later, the defendants were seen leaving the residence and approaching the 1969 Oldsmobile which was parked in front of the residence. After observing the defendants, the detectives approached them, identified themselves as detectives, and informed the defendant of the search warrants. Izear Hill then tried to conceal a brown bag that he was carrying under some articles in the trunk of the vehicle. One of the officers grabbed Izear Hill and took the bag from him. In so doing a brown bottle, later found to contain quinine, a substance often used in cutting heroin, fell to the ground. Both defendants then began to struggle with the officers and during the course of the struggle another package, carried by defendant Fred Hill, fell to the ground. The bag carried by Izear Hill contained 45 'half-spoon' packets of heroin in glassine bags and 11 packets of cocaine in glassine bags. The brown paper bag carried by Fred Hill was found to contain 15 'half-spoon' packets of heroin in glassine bags.
Testimony at trial established that a 'half-spoon' of heroin consists of about 5 grams of the substance and sells for $25.00 on the street. The subsequent search of the residence revealed seven measuring spoons containing a white powder and two brown boxes containing a large amount of glassine bags. The Oldsmobile contained no contraband. A total of $721.00 in currency was also found on the persons of the defendants.
The defendants raise eight issues in their brief alleging various errors by the trial court. Several of the eight allegations actually deal with only one issue, that being whether the evidence produced at trial was sufficient to convict the defendants of trafficking in proscribed substances in violation of the Act of September 26, 1961, P.L. 1664, section 4(q), 35 P.S. 780--4(q). The above Act prohibits position, however, that the Commonwealth failed to establish that the appellants trafficked in drugs because no evidence of any specific sale or attempted sale was introduced at the trial. In so arguing the appellants would have us interpret the word 'trafficking' in the statute as being synonymous with the word 'selling'. Webster's International Dictionary, Third Edition, defines 'traffic' as follows: Thus, it is clear that the word 'traffic' is much broader than the word 'sale' and that a person could be engaged in the trafficking of a substance without being the one who actually sells a substance. We must note that the legislature in enacting the section chose to include both the words 'trafficking' and 'selling' in its enumeration of proscribed activities. Since we have established that the words are not synonymous it is logical to conclude that 'trafficking' in drugs can be accomplished by a defendant even though he has never made a 'sale'. A statute must be construed to give effect to All of its language. Whitemarsh Twp. Auth. v. Elwert, 413 Pa. 329, 196 A.2d 843 (1964). The legislature is also presumed not to have intended provisions in its laws as mere surplusage which would obviously be the case if the words 'sale' or 'trafficking' were held to be synonymous. See, Daly v. Hemphill, 411 Pa. 263, 191 A.2d 835 (1963) and Commonwealth v. Bostick, 34 Leh.L.J. 539 (1972). In light of both logic and the rules of statutory construction it is therefore clear that 'trafficking' and 'selling' dangerous drugs are separate proscribed activities.
Turning to the facts of our case it is also clear that sufficient evidence was produced at trial so as to enable the jury to convict on the charge of 'trafficking'. Both defendants were found with substantial quantities of heroin on their persons. The heroin was packaged in glassine bags and appellants were in the process of transferring the neatly packaged substances from the residence into the vehicle at the time of their arrest. The residence itself was found to contain a large quantity of glassine bags which are commonly used to package and sell narcotics. Several measuring spoons were also found on the premises. A quantity of quinine was found on the person of Izear Hill. Both defendants has large amounts of cash on their person.
While some of these facts standing alone would not be indicative of any type of criminal behavior we feel that, taken together, enough evidence was produced so as to enable a jury to infer that the defendants were indeed engaged in 'trafficking' of the heroin and cocaine despite the absence of any evidence of a specific sale.
Defendants also attempt to argue that somehow our recent decisions involving joint possession affect this case. However, in light of the fact that large amounts of prohibited substances were found on the persons of Both defendants it is clear that those decisions are not applicable here.
The other issues raised by the defendants do not merit discussion.
Judgment of sentence is affirmed.
Appellants contend that the lower court erred in submitting their case to the jury on a charge of selling narcotics, where there was no direct evidence of sale.
On August 19 1971, plainclothes detectives Martine, Ciganek, and Joiner, armed with a search warrant, set up surveillance of the residence of Izear Hill at 250 Sebring Avenue in Pittsburgh. After waiting approximately a half hour, the detectives observed the appellants leave the house and approach the rear of a 1969 Oldsmobile parked in front of the house, which belonged to appellant Izear Hill. The detectives then left their car, identified themselves, and informed the appellant that they had a search warrant. Detective Martine noticed that Izear Hill had a brown paper bag in his hand, and was trying to stuff the bag underneath articles which he had in the trunk. Detectives Martine and Joiner then grabbed Izear Hill and got the bag out of his hand. While they were doing so, a brown bottle fell to the street. The bottle was found to contain quinine, which is often used as a cutting agent for narcotics. The paper bag also contained 45 half-spoon size glassine bags, which were later analyzed as heroin, and 11 half-spoon bags wrapped in glassine bags, which were later found to contain cocaine. A search of Izear Hill yielded $289.00 in currency.
While Detectives Joiner and Ciganek were struggling with Fred Hill, a package fell to the street. The contents of the package were analyzed as 15 half-spoons of heroin wrapped in glassine bags. In addition, $432.00 in currency was taken from the person of Fred Hill. A search of the residence at 250 Sebring Avenue yielded seven measuring spoons containing a white powder and two brown boxes containing a large number of glassine bags. The search of the car yielded no contraband.
The appellants were indicted on December 17, 1971, on counts of possession of, and selling and dealing in heroin and cocaine. On June 13, 1972, a jury found them guilty on both counts. Posttrial motions were denied. Appellants were each sentenced to a term of one to five years of imprisonment, without reference to count.
The appellants' primary contention is that the lower court erred in submitting the charge of selling or dealing to the jury where there was no evidence connecting them with a specific sale or transaction. The Commonwealth argues that such proof is unnecessary, on the theory that the statute forbids 'trafficking' in narcotics as well as sales, and that such trafficking may be inferred from the possession of sufficient quantities of narcotics. The Commonwealth cites no appellate case which interprets the statute in this manner.
The Commonwealth relies on the language of the Drug, Device, and Cosmetic Act, [1] § 4(q), former 35 P.S. § 780--4(q), which prohibited '(t)he possession, control dealing in Dispensing, selling, delivery, distribution, prescription, Trafficking in, or giving of, any dangerous or narcotic drug.' (Emphasis supplied). This language was paralleled in the second count of the indictment, apparently a standard form, which charged that the appellants did 'deal in, dispense, sell, deliver, distribute, prescribe, Traffic in, and give away' heroin and cocaine. (Emphasis supplied). This broad language of § 4(...
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Com. v. Hill
...346 A.2d 314 236 Pa.Super. 572 COMMONWEALTH of Pennsylvania v. Izear HILL and Fred Hill, Appellants. Superior Court of Pennsylvania. Oct. 28, 1975. [236 Pa.Super. 573] Allen N. Brunwasser, Pittsburgh, for appellants. John J. Hickton, Dist. Atty., Robert L. Eberhardt, Asst. Dist. Atty., for ......