Git Foo Wong v. Immigration and Naturalization Service, 20133.

Decision Date16 March 1966
Docket NumberNo. 20133.,20133.
PartiesGIT FOO WONG, also known as Chuck Sen Wong, Petitioner, v. IMMIGRATION AND NATURALIZATION SERVICE, Respondent.
CourtU.S. Court of Appeals — Ninth Circuit

Joseph S. Hertogs, Jackson & Hertogs, San Francisco, Cal., for petitioner.

Manuel L. Real, U. S. Atty., Frederick M. Brosio, Jr., Asst. U. S. Atty. Chief, Civ.Div., Carolyn M. Reynolds, Asst. U. S. Atty., Los Angeles, Cal., for respondent.

Before HAMLEY, HAMLIN and DUNIWAY, Circuit Judges.

HAMLIN, Circuit Judge.

Git Foo Wong, petitioner herein, entered the United States illegally in 1951 at about the age of 15 years, falsely claiming to be the son of a United States citizen. Petitioner has been continuously present in this country from that time except that in November, 1961, while living in Santa Paula, California,1 he drove to Mexico for a Sunday sightseeing trip, remaining there about two hours, and was then readmitted to this country as a United States citizen. In 1962 he voluntarily appeared before the Immigration and Naturalization Service and confessed he was illegally in the United States. Deportation proceedings were then commenced against him. In these proceedings petitioner admitted deportability and applied for suspension of deportation under section 244 of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952, 8 U.S.C. § 1254.2 The special inquiry officer held that petitioner was not eligible for suspension of deportation because by reason of the two-hour trip to Mexico he had not been "physically present in the United States for a continuous period of not less than seven years" as required by the Immigration and Nationality Act, § 244(a), 8 U.S.C. § 1254(a). The evidence of record established also that the petitioner was inducted in the United States Army in California on August 8, 1958, and was honorably discharged on July 30, 1960, after one year, eleven months and twenty-three days of active service. The special inquiry officer also held that this service was not sufficient under § 244(b) of the act, 8 U.S.C. § 1254(b), which provides that the requirement of continuous physical presence in the United States shall not be applicable to an alien who has served for a minimum period of 24 months in an active duty status in the armed forces of the United States and was separated from such service under honorable conditions. The Board of Immigration Appeals affirmed the holding of the special inquiry officer. A motion for reconsideration was made, asking the Board to reconsider the case in the light of the decision in Wadman v. Immigration and Naturalization Service, 329 F.2d 812 (9th Cir.), decided March 24, 1964, and not mentioned in the Board's decision which was rendered two months later. After a hearing upon reconsideration the Board of Immigration Appeals declined to alter their prior holding. The Board stated, however, "apart from finding the respondent ineligible on the ground that he lacks the required physical presence, we would have no reason to rule the respondent either ineligible for relief or undeserving of relief."

Petitioner's application for review by this court was timely filed and this court has jurisdiction of said petition. 8 U.S.C. § 1105a(a).

In Wadman v. Immigration and Naturalization Service, supra, this court had occasion to consider the case of a petitioner who had spent five days below the border in Mexico. It was on the basis of this five-day absence from the United States that the Board of Immigration Appeals ruled that the petitioner there did not meet the requirement of being physically present in the United States for a continuous period of not less than seven years immediately preceding his application. The court stated:

In Rosenberg v. Fleuti (1963) 374 U.S. 449, 83 S.Ct. 1804, 10 L.Ed.2d 1000 the Supreme Court recently inquired into the circumstances under which absence from the country should affect an alien\'s deportability. There the alien had made a visit to Mexico of "about a couple of hours." It was held that his return to the United States did not per se constitute an "entry" as defined by § 101 (a) (13) of the Act (for purposes of determining whether he could be deported on the ground of being excludable at entry); * * *.
The court, 374 U.S. at page 461, 83 S.Ct. at page 1811, 10 L.Ed.2d 1000, states:
"In making such a casual trip the alien would seldom be aware that he was possibly walking into a trap, for the insignificance of a brief trip to Mexico or Canada bears little rational relation to the punitive consequences of subsequent excludability."
* * * * * *
The Service seeks to distinguish Fleuti on the ground that there the court was dealing with an entry and that here we are faced with a concept of continuous physical presence. We do not regard this distinction as at all significant.
* * * * * *
Here there can be no question of the sufficiency of physical presence. The question is whether there was a sufficient continuity. In our judgment the term "continuous" is no more subject to a hard and fast construction than is the term "intended." The question is whether the interruption, viewed in balance with its consequences, can be said to have been a significant one under the guides laid down in Fleuti. (329 F.2d at 815-816)

In Fleuti, supra, the Supreme Court further stated, referring to the visit by Fleuti of "about a couple of hours" duration to Mexico:

We conclude, then, that it effectuates congressional purpose to construe the intent exception to § 101(a) (13) as meaning an intent to depart in a manner which can be regarded as meaningfully interruptive of the alien\'s permanent residence. (374 U.S. at 462, 83 S.Ct. at 1812)

Similarly, here, the petitioner's visit of about two hours to Mexico should not be regarded as meaningfully interruptive of his continuous presence in the United States for about ten years. We adhere to our holding in Wadman and hold that petitioner's brief visit to Mexico did not bar him from consideration for suspension of deportation as a matter of law. In deciding whether to permit an application for suspension of deportation when the issue is physical presence "in the United States for a continuous period of not less than seven years immediately preceding the date of such application," the Board must determine the significance of an absence from the United States during that time under the standard set down in Fleuti.3

In this case the respondent attempts to distinguish the holdings in Fleuti and in Wadman by pointing out that the original entry in Fleuti of the alien was a legal one, whereas in this case the petitioner's original entry was illegal. The respondent argues that the benefits of the construction given § 244(a), 8 U.S.C. § 1254(a), by Wadman should be applied only to aliens whose original entry into this country was legal and not to those who entered illegally. There is nothing in the statute or in Wadman4 which supports such a distinction. In Wadman this court recognized that it would be consistent with the policies underlying this statute not to construe it in a manner which would restrict the ease with which applications for suspension of deportation could be made.

The apparent purpose of the grant of discretion to the Attorney General is to enable that officer to ameliorate hardship and injustice which otherwise would result from a strict and technical application of the law. A strict and technical construction of the language in which this grant of discretion is couched could frustrate its purpose. A liberal construction would not open the door to suspension of deportation in cases of doubtful merit. It would simply tend to increase the scope of the Attorney General\'s review and thus his power to act in amelioration of hardship. (329 F.2d at 817)5

The statute, since it refers only to an "alien", does not permit...

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21 cases
  • Chadha v. Immigration and Naturalization Service
    • United States
    • U.S. Court of Appeals — Ninth Circuit
    • 25 de março de 1981
    ...608 (3d Cir. 1979); Rassano v. INS, 492 F.2d 220 (7th Cir. 1974); Siang Ken Wang v. INS, 413 F.2d 286 (9th Cir. 1969); Git Foo Wong v. INS, 358 F.2d 151 (9th Cir. 1966). In fine, our detailed examination of the section 244 statutory scheme for suspension of deportation leads us to the follo......
  • Correa v. Thornburgh
    • United States
    • U.S. Court of Appeals — Second Circuit
    • 20 de abril de 1990
    ...10 L.Ed.2d 1000 (1963); Landon v. Plasencia, 459 U.S. 21, 28-29, 103 S.Ct. 321, 327, 74 L.Ed.2d 21 (1982); see also Git Foo Wong v. INS, 358 F.2d 151, 153 (9th Cir.1966). Since Correa's departure was not innocent, the Fleuti doctrine is inapplicable to this case. See Palatian v. INS, 502 F.......
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    • United States
    • U.S. Court of Appeals — Second Circuit
    • 27 de janeiro de 1977
    ...assuming that their illegal presence, standing alone, might not preclude § 244(a) eligibility, see Git Foo Wong v. Immigration and Naturalization Service, 358 F.2d 151, 153 (9th Cir. 1966), they had no reasonable basis to expect the government to permit them to further remain in the United ......
  • Palatian v. Immigration and Naturalization Service
    • United States
    • U.S. Court of Appeals — Ninth Circuit
    • 30 de agosto de 1974
    ...presence under Fleuti and 8 U.S.C. 1254(a)(1) was not determined solely by looking at the length of visit); Git Foo Wong v. I.& N.S., 9 Cir., 1966, 358 F.2d 151, 153 (holding that an innocent visit to Mexico for two hours should not be regarded as meaningfully interruptive of continuous pre......
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