Guest v. State, 75252

Decision Date11 March 1988
Docket NumberNo. 75252,75252
Citation367 S.E.2d 105,186 Ga.App. 318
PartiesGUEST v. The STATE.
CourtGeorgia Court of Appeals

Ronald M. Adams, for appellant.

Michael H. Crawford, Dist. Atty., Leonard Geldon, Asst. Dist. Atty., for appellee.

McMURRAY, Presiding Judge.

Defendant was indicted for the offense of aggravated assault. The evidence adduced at trial, construed most favorably to support the verdict, was as follows: On July 6, 1986, defendant was an inmate at the Georgia Industrial Institute, a correctional facility of the Georgia Department of Corrections. At approximately 9:30 that evening a violent disturbance broke out among the inmates in the dormitory where defendant resided. During the uprising, defendant stabbed Leslie Jerome Mitchell (the victim) in the right jaw, neck and shoulder with a "philips head screwdriver." From this and other evidence adduced at trial, defendant was found guilty and this appeal followed. Held:

1. In his first enumeration of error, defendant contends "[t]he trial court erred by refusing to hear [his] Challenge to the Array of the Jury, and denying the motion that a new jury be impanelled."

Defendant filed a written motion challenging the array of the traverse jury prior to voir dire. In his motion, defendant alleged that "of seventy-two jurors empaneled to try cases at this setting of the Habersham Superior Court only one is black, or 1.2% of the entire panel [and that the] array of traverse jurors put upon [him] does not represent a fair cross-section of the community of Habersham County, Georgia and thus denies [his] rights under the Fifth, Sixth and Fourteenth Amendments of the Constitution of the United States." The trial court held that this motion was untimely filed and did not conduct a hearing to determine the merits of defendant's motion, although the court did state "[a]ssuming all of these facts are true, I'm going to overrule your motion."

"Under Georgia law, a criminal defendant must raise a challenge to the jury array at or before the time the jury panel is first 'put upon' him (unless he has been prevented from doing so); if he does not object at that time, he waives his right to raise such a claim later at trial or on direct appeal. Holsey v. State, 235 Ga. 270, 219 SE2d 374, 376 (1975); Young v. State, 232 Ga. 285, 206 SE2d 439, 442 (1974); Cobb v. State, 218 Ga. 10, 126 SE2d 231, 239 (1962), cert. denied, 371 U.S. 948, 83 S.Ct. 499, 9 LE2d 497 (1963). Most prior Georgia cases applying this rule involve defendants who waited until after trial to challenge the jury array. Georgia statutes and case law indicate, however, that a jury is 'put upon' a defendant at the time that the jury array is seated and voir dire commences.

"The applicable sections of the Georgia Code provide that: ... The clerk shall make out three lists of each panel and shall furnish one to the prosecuting counsel and one to the counsel for the defense. The clerk shall then call over the panel and it shall immediately be put upon the accused. "OCGA § 15-12-161 (formerly Ga.Code § 59-802); and that: The accused may, in writing, challenge the array for any cause going to show that it was not fairly or properly impaneled or ought not be put upon him. The court shall determine the sufficiency of the challenge at once. If sustained, a new panel shall be ordered; if not sustained, the selection of jurors shall proceed. OCGA § 15-12-162 (formerly Ga.Code. § 59-803). This has long been the law in Georgia. See Whitworth v. State, 155 Ga. 395, 117 SE 450 (1923); Felker v. Johnson, 53 Ga.App. 390, 186 SE 144 (1936).

"More recently, the Georgia Supreme Court held that a claim by a state habeas corpus petitioner that his jury was improperly drawn 'should have been, but was not, raised by a timely challenge to the array before the jurors were put upon him and his failure to do so amounts in law to a forfeiture of that right.' Buxton v. Brown, 222 Ga. 564, 150 SE2d 636, 637 (1966). The court in Buxton cited in support of its holding one of its earlier decisions in which the court stated that an objection to the traverse jury array in a criminal case 'must be raised by a challenge to the array at the earliest opportunity the defendant has to avail himself of that right.' Cobb v. State, 126 SE2d at 239 . These cases indicate to us that, in order to avoid waiving any right to challenge the composition of a traverse jury on appeal, a defendant must raise such a challenge prior to the commencement of voir dire." Spencer v....

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11 cases
  • Prevatte v. French
    • United States
    • U.S. District Court — Northern District of Georgia
    • 27 Noviembre 2006
    ...the jury array is seated andvoir dire commences is precluded from raising that challenge on direct appeal. See, e.g., Guest v. State, 186 Ga.App. 318, 367 S.E.2d 105 (1988) ("Under Georgia law, a criminal defendant must raise a challenge to the jury array at or before the time the jury pane......
  • Isaacs v. State
    • United States
    • Georgia Supreme Court
    • 30 Noviembre 1989
    ...personnel are a cognizable group, and the court refused to grant a further continuance on this issue. (a) Citing Guest v. State, 186 Ga.App. 318(1), 367 S.E.2d 105 (1988), Isaacs contends the court erred by setting a deadline for disposing of his jury challenges because (he says) a jury cha......
  • Guzman v. The State
    • United States
    • Georgia Supreme Court
    • 20 Septiembre 2010
    ...374 (1975). “[A] jury is ‘put upon’ a defendant at the time that the jury array is seated and voir dire commences.” Guest v. State, 186 Ga.App. 318(1), 367 S.E.2d 105 (1988), quoting Spencer v. Kemp, 781 F.2d 1458, 1463 (11th Cir.1986). “[I]n the absence of a timely trial court directive to......
  • Anthony v. State
    • United States
    • Georgia Court of Appeals
    • 26 Mayo 1994
    ...(for purposes of determining when such a challenge must be made) when the array is seated and voir dire begins. See Guest v. State, 186 Ga.App. 318(1), 367 S.E.2d 105 (1988). Accord Spencer v. Kemp, 781 F.2d 1458, 1463-1465 (11th Cir.1986). As explained by the Eleventh Circuit in Spencer, t......
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