Mercer v. Theriot
Decision Date | 04 May 1964 |
Docket Number | No. 336,336 |
Citation | 84 S.Ct. 1157,12 L.Ed.2d 206,377 U.S. 152 |
Parties | Wanda MERCER, Petitioner, v. Paris THERIOT |
Court | U.S. Supreme Court |
See 377 U.S. 973, 84 S.Ct. 1643.
H. Alva Brumfield, Sylvia Roberts, Baton Rouge, La., for petitioner.
Stanley E. Loeb, New Orleans, La., for respondent.
Petitioner brought a wrongful death action against respondent in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana. Jurisdiction was based on diversity of citizenship and amount in controversy. The jury returned a verdict for petitioner in the amount of $25,000, and the trial court denied respondent's motions for a new trial and for judgment notwithstanding the verdict.
On appeal, a panel of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit reversed the judgment. The court held that the evidence was insufficient to sustain the verdict of the jury and remanded the case to the District Court 'with directions to enter a judgment for the defendant unless plaintiff * * * makes a satisfactory showing that on another trial evidence of sufficient probative force to justify submission of the cause to the jury will be offered, in which event the judgment shall be for a new trial.' 262 F.2d 754, 761. The court also held that there were prejudicial errors in the conduct of the trial which would have required a new trial even if there had been sufficient evidence. 262 F.2d, at 758—759. At that stage in the litigation, this Court denied a petition for a writ of certiorari. 359 U.S. 983, 79 S.Ct. 941, 3 L.Ed.2d 933.
Petitioner then submitted to the District Court additional evidence in support of a motion for a new trial. The district judge, regarding himself ound by the ruling of the Court of Appeals that the evidence adduced at trial was insufficient, denied the motion on the ground that the additional 'evidence, while persuasive, would be inadmissible in a new trial under the hearsay rule.' The Court of Appeals sitting en banc, over the dissent of four judges, affirmed the denial of a new trial. 316 F.2d 635. Petitioner then sought, and we granted, a writ of certiorari. 375 U.S. 920, 84 S.Ct. 264, 11 L.Ed.2d 164.
We now 'consider all of the substantial federal questions determined in the earlier stages of the litigation * * *.,' Reece v. Georgia, 350 U.S. 85, 87, 76 S.Ct. 167, 169, 100 L.Ed. 77, for it is settled that we may consider questions raised on the first appeal, as well as 'those that were before the court of appeals upon the second appeal.' Hamilton-Brown Shoe Co. v. Wolf Bros. & Co., 240 U.S. 251, 257, 36 S.Ct. 269, 271, 60 L.Ed. 629. Cf. Urie v. Thompson, 337 U.S. 163, 171—173, 69 S.Ct. 1018, 1025—1026, 93 L.Ed. 1282; Messinger v. Anderson, 225 U.S. 436, 444, 32 S.Ct. 739, 740, 56 L.Ed. 1152.
We consider first the alleged errors in the conduct of the trial. The Court of Appeals deemed the trial court's instruction regarding circumstantial evidence to be 'highly prejudicial error' because it included a statement that '(t)he testimony of all of the witnesses for the plaintiff has made out what we call in law a circumstantial case * * *.' 262 F.2d, at 758. But as soon as this was called to the court's attention, the following instruction was given:
There was no objection to this re-instruction. We conclude that it properly stated the law and that it would have remedied any erroneous impression the jury may have received from the first instruction. The Court of Appeals also held that the trial judge committed a 'grievous' error by permitting the introduction of certain hearsay evidence. Id., at 757. Counsel for the respondent did not object to this evidence but in fact elicited the same evidence in his examination of the witness. On this record, the admission of the evidence cannot be deemed a deprivation of 'substantial justice,' Rule 61, Fed.Rules Civ.Proc. Finally, the Court of Appeals held that the inflammatory nature of the opening statement of petitioner's counsel required a new trial. Counsel told the jury that he would establish that respondent 'was a hit and run driver,' with 'a complete disregard for * * * life.' Id., at 758. In the context of this case, however those remarks do not seem significantly outside the bounds of permissible advocacy. If respondent knowingly struck the deceased, then he was a hit-and-run driver with little regard for human life, for it was undisputed that the driver of the automobile that hit the decedent did not stop to render aid or to report the accident.
Our examination of the trial record reveals not only that there were no errors affecting substantial justice, but also that the trial judge conducted the trial with scrupulous regard for the litigants' rights.
We must consider next the sufficiency of the evidence adduced at trial. Our examination of the record indicates that the jury could reasonably have found the following facts: Decedent's body was discovered on an island on the right side of a black top road; the body was two or three feet off the edge of the road; near the body tire marks ran off the road for some distance; death resulted from a violent...
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