Hemstreet v. Greiner, 02-2747.

Decision Date11 May 2004
Docket NumberNo. 02-2747.,02-2747.
Citation378 F.3d 265
PartiesCharles HEMSTREET, Petitioner-Appellee, v. Charles GREINER, Superintendent, Respondent-Appellant.
CourtU.S. Court of Appeals — Second Circuit

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, Charles L. Brieant, J Ann C. Sullivan District Attorneys Office, New York, NY, for Respondent-Appellant.

Vida M. Alvy Alvy & Jacobson, New York, NY, for Petitioner-Appellee.

Before OAKES, MESKILL and B.D. PARKER, Circuit Judges.

ON RECONSIDERATION

OAKES, Senior Circuit Judge.

Petitioner sought habeas relief for ineffective assistance of counsel on the basis that his trial and appellate counsel did not seek a remedy for the state's intimidation before trial of a vital defense witness. The United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, Charles S. Brieant, Judge, granted the petition, finding that the trial and appellate counsels' omissions were not a matter of trial strategy. In Hemstreet v. Greiner, 367 F.3d 135 (2d Cir.2004), the district court's judgment was affirmed. On sua sponte reconsideration, following an unusual set of circumstances, that judgment is now vacated and the case is remanded.

I

Familiarity with the underlying action and our prior opinion in this appeal is presumed. Nevertheless, in order to put our decision today in context, the following briefly summarizes the relevant proceedings.

Petitioner Charles Hemstreet was convicted, during a retrial in New York Supreme Court in 1997, of the second-degree murder of his business partner, Kenneth Hiep. Prior to the re-trial, Hemstreet's trial counsel learned that a witness named Jeanette Bucci had allegedly given exculpatory evidence in 1992 to detectives investigating Hiep's murder. Bucci thereafter set forth the substance of her exculpatory information in an affidavit.

Hemstreet's trial counsel subsequently named Bucci as a potential witness in the retrial and asked the prosecution to turn over any statements Bucci had made to the police in 1992. A few days later, trial counsel informed the court that Bucci had refused to meet with him because detectives from the prosecutor's office had visited her mother and sister and allegedly warned them that, if Bucci testified, "they were in for a lot of trouble." Although trial counsel asked the trial court to stop such threats, he did nothing further in response to the purported intimidation. Trial counsel did not seek to compel Bucci's testimony and Bucci did not testify at the trial. Following the retrial, Hemstreet was convicted and sentenced to a term of 25 years to life.

On direct appeal from that conviction, Hemstreet's appellate counsel did not raise the claim that Hemstreet had been denied a fair trial when his trial counsel failed to seek a remedy for the state's alleged intimidation of Bucci. The Appellate Division affirmed his conviction. See People v. Hemstreet, 706 N.Y.S.2d 337, 270 A.D.2d 499 (2d Dep't 2000).

In August 2001, Hemstreet applied for a writ of error coram nobis in the Appellate Division wherein he argued that he had been deprived of effective assistance of counsel because his appellate attorney failed to raise the issue of his trial counsel's performance with respect to the intimidation of Bucci. The Appellate Division denied his petition. See People v. Hemstreet, 738 N.Y.S.2d 583, 290 A.D.2d 458 (2d Dep't 2002).

Hemstreet subsequently filed a habeas petition in federal court premised in relevant part on the same ineffective assistance of counsel claim. The district court found as a matter of fact that Bucci became unavailable as a witness because she had been threatened by detectives from the prosecutor's office. The court also found that Hemstreet's trial counsel did not employ trial strategy when he failed to call Bucci as a witness. Hence, the district court granted Hemstreet's habeas petition on the grounds that: (1) trial counsel's failure to seek relief for the intimidation of Bucci, a crucial defense witness, was so deficient as to deprive Hemstreet of a fair trial, and (2) appellate counsel's failure to raise an ineffective assistance of trial counsel claim violated Hemstreet's Sixth Amendment rights.

Respondent Charles Greiner appealed. On reviewing the district court's findings of fact, a majority of the instant panel noted that "[t]he record d [id] not definitively establish whether the prosecution intimidated Bucci." Hemstreet v. Greiner, 367 F.3d 135, 139 (2d Cir.2004). However, "[d]espite the absence of any extensive information about the detectives' conduct, we [were] not persuaded that the district court's findings of fact with respect to the reasons for Bucci's unavailability were clearly erroneous." Id. at 140. As we explained,

[t]here [was] no evidence in the record that suggest[ed] that she became unavailable for any reason other than the alleged threats made by the detectives. Indeed, the prosecution did not directly rebut the accusations of intimidation leveled by Bucci's trial counsel, but instead made statements suggesting that little was known about the actual conversation between the detectives and Bucci's family. The prosecutor indicated that he "did not believe" the accusations and that he would "never condone" that type of conduct by the detectives, but he offered no specific information whatsoever to demonstrate that the detectives did not in fact intimidate Bucci by threatening her family.

Id."Under th[o]se circumstances, we conclude[d] that the district court's findings as to Bucci's unavailability were not clearly erroneous." Id. Moreover, because "the meager information available in the record suggest[ed] that Hemstreet's trial counsel was unable to secure Bucci's participation in the trial after the detectives allegedly intimidated her," we also "conclude[d] that the district court did not make a clearly erroneous factual determination when it found that Hemstreet's trial counsel failed to call Bucci as a witness for reasons that did not implicate trial strategy." Id.

"Based on these findings of fact," we went on to hold that: (1) "the professional performance of Hemstreet's trial counsel was sufficiently deficient so as to fall below an objective standard of reasonableness;" (2) "trial counsel's failure to pursue [Bucci's] critical testimony or to seek a remedy for its loss through intimidation raised a reasonable probability that the result of Hemstreet's trial would have been different but for his unprofessional errors;" (3) appellate counsel's failure to raise the ineffective assistance of trial counsel claim fell outside the wide range of reasonable professional assistance; (4) appellate counsel's failure to raise the issue also "undermine[d] confidence in the outcome of Hemstreet's appeal;" and (5) "the Appellate Division's rejection of Hemstreet's ineffective assistance of counsel claim was not only incorrect, but objectively unreasonable as well." Id. at 140-42. Accordingly, we affirmed the district court's judgment granting Hemstreet's habeas petition. We note that Judge Parker disagreed with the conclusions reached by the majority of the panel and dissented.

II

After we issued an opinion affirming the district court's decision, Greiner...

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