Howard v. United States
Citation | 397 F.2d 72 |
Decision Date | 26 June 1968 |
Docket Number | No. 22349,22349 |
Parties | Clinton B. HOWARD, Appellant, v. UNITED STATES of America, Appellee. Domenic N. MASTRIPPOLITO, Appellant, v. UNITED STATES of America, Appellee. |
Court | United States Courts of Appeals. United States Court of Appeals (9th Circuit) |
John J. Bradley (argued), Los Angeles, Cal., for appellant.
Gerald F. Uelmen (argued), Asst. U. S. Atty., David R. Nissen, Asst. U. S. Atty., Chief, Special Prosecutions Division, William M. Bryne, Jr., U. S. Atty., Los Angeles, Cal., for appellee.
Before CHAMBERS and BARNES, Circuit Judges, and THOMPSON,* District Judge.
Each of the above named appellants was charged with federal gambling tax offenses in a single two-count indictment. In count I Mastrippolito was charged with engaging in the business of accepting wages without paying, and attempting to evade, the occupational wagering tax imposed by section 4411 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954, in violation of section 7201 of that Code. In the same count I, Howard was charged with aiding and abetting Mastrippolito in the commission of that offense. In count II, Howard was charged with the identical substantive violation and Mastrippolito with aiding and abetting him.
Both defendants were convicted on each count, and after denial of motions for new trials on January 30, 1967, each was sentenced to one-year terms of imprisonment on each count, the terms to run concurrently.
Thereafter, appellant Howard's sentence was timely modified on February 9, 1967, to provide that he pay a fine of $300.00. On February 15, 1967, a full satisfaction of judgment was filed and entered, no stay of execution having been obtained. This was apparently done without notice to, or knowledge on the part of, Howard's attorney. On February 9, 1967, each defendant filed a notice of appeal. Thereafter there was entered into and approved by the trial judge an agreed statement of facts on appeal.1 The sentence of appellant Mastrippolito was not modified, and his appeal is presently before us.
The appeal of Howard may well be moot. Pennywell v. McCarrey, 255 F.2d 735, 17 Alaska 580 (9th Cir. 1958); Gillen v. United States, 199 F.2d 454 (9th Cir. 1952) (per curiam). Annot., 74 A.L.R. 638 (1931); Annot., 18 A.L.R. 867 (1922); 24 C.J.S. Criminal Law § 1668 (1961).
"The moral stigma of a judgment which no longer affects legal rights does not present a case or controversy for appellate review." St. Pierre v. United States, 319 U.S. 41, 43, 63 S.Ct. 910, 911, 87 L.Ed. 1199 (1943).
However, we prefer not to base our decision to affirm on mootness. Cf. Carafas v. LaVallee, 391 U.S. 234, 88 S.Ct. 1556, 20 L.Ed.2d 554, decided May 20, 1968, overruling Parker v. Ellis, 362 U.S. 574, 80 S.Ct. 909, 4 L.Ed.2d 963 (1960). See also: Ginsberg v. State of New York, 390 U.S. 629, n. 2, 88 S.Ct. 1274, 20 L.Ed.2d 195, decided April 22, 1968; United States v. Morgan, 346 U.S. 502, 512-513, 74 S.Ct. 247, 98 L.Ed. 248 (1954); Fiswick v. United States, 329 U.S. 211, 222, 67 S.Ct. 224, 91 L.Ed. 196 (1946).
This court has previously held that the defense of privilege against self-incrimination, not having been raised below, cannot be raised for the first time on appeal. Ramirez v. United States, 294 F.2d 277, 283-284 (9th Cir. 1961); Cellino v. United States, 276 F.2d 941, 947 (9th Cir. 1960). But Grosso v. United States, 390 U.S. 62 at 71, 88 S.Ct. 709, 19 L.Ed.2d 906 (1968) is to the contrary, and the issue was raised there by the Court, sua sponte. However, here Howard was convicted in count I of aiding and abetting Mastrippolito to evade the law, and Mastrippolito was convicted in count II of aiding and abetting Howard to evade the law. One so accused cannot defend by...
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