Burke v. Gateway Clipper, Inc., 18831.
| Decision Date | 04 May 1971 |
| Docket Number | No. 18831.,18831. |
| Citation | 441 F.2d 946 |
| Parties | Michael J. BURKE, Appellant, v. GATEWAY CLIPPER, INC. |
| Court | U.S. Court of Appeals — Third Circuit |
Hymen Schlesinger, Pittsburgh, Pa., for appellant.
William A. Weiler, Pittsburgh, Pa., (Egler, McGregor & Reinstadtler, Pittsburgh, Pa., on the brief), for appellee.
Before MURRAH* FREEDMAN**, and VAN DUSEN, Circuit Judges.
This appeal is from a February 18, 1970, order of the District Court of the Western District of Pennsylvania which granted defendant's motion for summary judgment and dismissed plaintiff's complaint as barred by the statute of limitations and laches.
The plaintiff, Mr. Burke, filed a complaint under the Jones Act1 on December 31, 1968, alleging that he was employed by defendant as a seaman on June 18, 1958, on its motor vessel Gateway Clipper. He further alleged that while the vessel was at the landing of the Dravo Corporation at Neville Island, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, on the Ohio River, he sustained personal injuries to his spine, back, neck, head, arms, legs, central nervous system (also suffering a traumatic neurosis), when he was caused to exert extraordinary force to remove a row of seats which had become stuck on the deck and had thereby lost his balance, slipped and fell backwards against the bulkhead.
Plaintiff asserts that defendant is liable because of its negligence under the Jones Act and for unseaworthiness under the maritime law.
Since plaintiff's complaint was filed more than ten years after the alleged injuries were sustained, he also asserts in his complaint that he was not guilty of laches and that the:
"State sic of Limitations is tolled for failure to bring this action within three years of the accident * * * because of the conduct and representations of the defendant and its insurance carrier * * *."
The plaintiff's complaint contains a second count in which he claims maintenance and cure from the defendant and damages for failure to furnish them after the injury was sustained.
Mr. Burke requested a jury trial in his complaint and so did the defendant in its answer.
The defendant took a deposition from Mr. Burke with the presence and full participation of Burke's counsel, at which he gave his reason for waiting so many years to bring this suit as:
"Well, basically, sir, at the time this happened I was twenty-two years old, not too smart apparently, and I thought a very, very, good friend of both John Connelly\'s president of the defendant and Jack Goessling\'s master of the Gateway Clipper, that they were close personal friends and they told me that I had nothing else coming to me other than my doctor and hospital bills and to apply for unemployment, and I took it as such — I didn\'t know any better."
The deposition more fully elaborates the circumstances and content of the conversations between Mr. Burke and Connelly and Goessling.
The defendant then filed a motion for summary judgment, incorporating the transcript of Burke's deposition, on the ground that the plaintiff was guilty of laches and that, on the basis of the plaintiff's own testimony the issue was of such a nature that it was proper for the court to decide the matter.
The trial judge directed the parties to file briefs, after which, without hearing any argument by counsel or filing an opinion, the court issued the order which is the subject of this appeal. Because of this procedure, which has apparently been regularly followed by the district judge but which was disapproved by this court in April 1970 by our decision, which was not available to such judge at the time of the February 1970 order, in Season-All Indus., Inc. v. Turkiye Sise Ve Cam Fabrik., A. S., 425 F.2d 34, 39 (3d Cir. 1970), we have concluded, reluctantly, that it will be necessary to remand this case for further consideration by the district court of the claims other than the Jones Act claim. See Part II of this opinion below.
An action based on an allegation of negligence under the Jones Act must be brought within the three-year statute of limitations found in the Federal Employers' Liability Act,2 Engel v. Davenport, 271 U.S. 33, 46 S.Ct. 410, 70 L.Ed. 813 (1926).
The plaintiff, however, claims that the defendant is estopped from asserting the statute of limitations. The equitable principle which will allow "no man * * * to take advantage of his own wrong,"3 will prevent a defendant, whose representations or other conduct have caused a plaintiff to delay filing suit until after the running of the statutory period, to assert the statute of limitations as a bar to the action.4
The nature of the representations and of the conduct of the defendant are of crucial significance in determining if the plaintiff is to be allowed to invoke this equitable principle of estoppel. This is a question of law to be determined by the court. In a motion for summary judgment the burden is on the plaintiff to present facts, in accordance with F.R.Civ.P. 56(c) and (e), which if true would require a court as a matter of law to estop the defendant from asserting the statute of limitations. Longo v. Pittsburgh and Lake Erie Railroad Co., supra.
Taking as true all the statements in plaintiff's complaint and deposition, plaintiff did not demonstrate that defendant's representations or conduct were such as to require a court as a matter of law to estop defendant from asserting the statute of limitations.
The plaintiff's deposition does not show that plaintiff was misled by defendant or its agents so that he delayed suit5 because of (a) an affirmative statement that the statutory period to bring the action was longer than it actually was,6 or (b) promises to make a better settlement of the claim if plaintiff did not bring suit7 or (c) comparable representations and conduct.
Furthermore, the record does not warrant the invocation of the equitable principle of estoppel. Therefore, as to the Jones Act portion of the first count, we affirm the district court's dismissal of the action and grant of summary judgment for defendant.
As to the portion of the first count founded on maritime law and as to the second count asserting a claim based on maintenance and cure where no statutory period of limitations is applicable, the issue to be considered is unexcused laches.
Laches is an equitable defense and as such "* * * the delay which will defeat such a suit must in every case depend on the peculiar equitable circumstances of that case." The Key City, 14 Wall. (81 U.S.) 653, 660, 20 L. Ed. 896 (1871).
The Supreme Court has said:
Gardner v. Panama Railroad, 342 U.S. 29, 30-31, 72 S.Ct. 12, 13, 96 L.Ed. 131 (1951).
There are thus at least two elements which must be considered by the district court before a determination of laches can be made other than a mere lapse of time: inexcusable delay in light of the equities of the case and prejudice to the defendant.8
This Circuit requires the plaintiff to come forward and prove that his delay was excusable and that it did not unduly prejudice the defendant. Mroz v. Dravo Corp;9 Lipfird v. Mississippi Valley Barge Line.10
We are aware that other circuits place the burden of proving inexcusable delay and prejudice on the defendant.11 We see no new and compelling reason to reverse the well-established and thoroughly considered line of decisions of this Circuit requiring the plaintiff to disprove both inexcusable delay and lack of prejudice to the defendant when, as here, more than three years have passed since the cause of action accrued.12
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...which was meant to and did prevent him from filing an age discrimination suit. However, it did not apply in Burke v. Gateway Clipper, Inc., 441 F.2d 946 (3rd Cir.1971), where the defendants agents, friends of the plaintiff, said he "had nothing else coming to him." Id. The court held estopp......
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