In re Hoover
Citation | 447 F.2d 195 |
Decision Date | 13 July 1971 |
Docket Number | No. 30626.,30626. |
Parties | In the Matter of Richard Sim HOOVER, Bankrupt. WEST PUBLISHING COMPANY, Appellant, v. Asa WILLIS, Trustee, Appellee. |
Court | United States Courts of Appeals. United States Court of Appeals (5th Circuit) |
F. Joseph Drolla, Jr., Clarence F. Favret, Jr., New Orleans, La., Robert Eatman, Shreveport, La., Favret & Drolla, New Orleans, La., for appellant.
Archie M. Simon, Fred Simon, Shreveport, La., for appellee.
Before COLEMAN, SIMPSON and RONEY, Circuit Judges.
In this bankruptcy case we must decide if West Publishing Company is a secured creditor under Louisiana law as a result of the sale of law books to the bankrupt under a Minnesota conditional sales contract. The referee in bankruptcy refused to recognize West as a secured creditor and the district court affirmed.
Holding that West's sale of law books under a Minnesota conditional sales contract does not entitle it to a vendor's privilege under Louisiana law, we affirm.
West Publishing Company, located in St. Paul, Minnesota, sold law books to the bankrupt resident of Louisiana, Richard Sim Hoover. Pursuant to three conditional sales contracts, the books were shipped by West from St. Paul to Louisiana and it was stipulated that "the sale was consummated in the State of Minnesota." At the time of the adjudication in bankruptcy, the bankrupt owed West the sum of $2,576.79 on the purchase price of the books.
West claimed a vendor's privilege under Article 3227 of the Louisiana Civil Code.1
Louisiana courts have long held that the preference granted by this statute does not extend to vendors who make sales outside of the State of Louisiana. George D. Witt Shoe Co. v. J. A. Seegars & Co., 122 La. 145, 47 So. 444 (1908); Claflin & Co. v. Mayer, 41 La. Ann. 1048, 7 So. 139 (1889); Succession of Welsh, 111 La. 801, 35 So. 913 (1904).
West argues that this sale took place in Louisiana because the title to the books must have passed to Hoover in Louisiana by virtue of Louisiana law,2 and not in Minnesota where the vendor retained the title. Regardless of where or when title passed, the parties stipulated that the sale was consummated in Minnesota, and we think the court properly determined from that fact that for the purposes of applying Article 3227 the sale was made outside of Louisiana and must be judged as such. Consolidated Cos., Inc. v. Laws, 11 La.App. 676, 124 So. 775 (1929); Edgwood Co. v. Falkenhagen, 151 La. 1072, 92 So. 703 (1922); Modern Farm Service, Inc. v. Ben Pearson, Inc., 308 F.2d 18 (5 Cir. 1962).
This preferential treatment of vendors in state sales over vendors of goods sold outside of the state is attacked as being unreasonable and arbitrary so as to be invidious to the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. Although this point was not raised before the referee or the district court, the law is clearly contrary. Griffin v. McCoach, 313 U.S. 498, 61 S. Ct. 1023, 85 L.Ed. 1481 (1941); Watson v. Employers Liability Corp., 348 U.S. 66, 75 S.Ct. 166, 99 L.Ed. 74 (1954). Cf., Missouri v. Lewis, 101 U.S. 22, 25 L.Ed. 989 (1879).
The alternative position of West, asserted on this appeal but not below, is that its conditional sales contracts should be recognized as giving West a secured claim in bankruptcy. The answer is simply that conditional sales contracts or contracts with retention of title in the vendor are not recognized under Louisiana law. Parnell v. Baham, 228 So.2d 53 (La.App.1969), writ refused, 255 La. 242, 230 So.2d 92 (La. 1970).
Although such contracts will be enforced when the sale is made outside the state and the goods are brought into the state without the vendor's consent, they are clearly given no effect when the seller knows that the property is to be brought into Louisiana, as under the facts of this case. Universal C.I.T. v. Hulett, 151 So.2d 705 (La.App.1963) clearly sets forth the state law in this regard:
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...Seegars & Co., 122 La. 145, 47 So. 444 (1908). 8 Id. at 150, 47 So. at 446. 9 This case differs from our previous decision, In re Hoover, 5 Cir., 1971, 447 F.2d 195, in the stipulations. In Hoover, the parties agreed that "`the sale was consummated in the State of Minnesota,'" and we said, ......