U.S. v. Chiarito, 74-2951

• Citation: 507 F.2d 1098
• Decision Date: 06 February 1975
• Docket Number: No. 74-2951,74-2951
• Parties: UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Daniel CHIARITO, Defendant-Appellant. Summary Calendar.* *Rule 18, 5th Cir. See Isbell Enterprises, Inc. v. Citizens Casualty Co. of New York et al., 5th Cir. 1970, 431 F.2d 409, Part I.
• Court: United States Courts of Appeals. United States Court of Appeals (5th Circuit)

Page 1098

507 F.2d 1098

UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Daniel CHIARITO, Defendant-Appellant.

No. 74-2951 Summary Calendar.*

*Rule 18, 5th Cir. See Isbell Enterprises, Inc. v. Citizens Casualty Co. of New York et al., 5th Cir. 1970, 431

F.2d 409, Part I.

United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit.

Feb. 6, 1975, Rehearing Denied March 6, 1975.

Ronald I. Strauss, Miami, Fla., for defendant-appellant.

Robert W. Rust, U.S. Atty., Donald L. Ferguson, Asst. U.S. Atty., Miami, Fla., for plaintiff-appellee.

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida.

Before GEWIN, GODBOLD and CLARK, Circuit Judges.

PER CURIAM:

Appellant was convicted of importing cocaine in violation of 21 U.S.C. 952(a) and of possessing cocaine for distribution in violation of 21 U.S.C. 841(a) (1). He received concurrent four year sentences with a three year special parole term on each count. We find no merit in the appellant's contention that the district court erred in failing to suppress as evidence cocaine obtained as the result of an alleged illegal search and seizure. We affirm.

On April 3, 1974 the appellant, enroute from colombia, Sough America to Chicago, entered the United States Customs inspection area at the Miami International Airport. After successfully passing through the baggage checkpoint, but before he exited the Customs inspection area, the appellant was stopped by a customs patrol officer escorted to an inspection room and frisked. The patrol officer found a small amount of cocaine wrapped in a dollar bill in the appellant's vest pocket. Subsequent x-rays of appellant's personal effects revealed more cocaine hidden in the heels of his shoes.

The searches conducted by customs inspectors and customs patrol officers are, of course, limited by the Fourth Amendment's prohibition against unreasonable searches and seizures. However, in the context of searches conducted pursuant to the customs and immigration laws, ¹ the strictures of the Fourth Amendment are ameliorated by considerations attending the regulation of movement across national borders. United States v. McDaniel, 463 F.2d 129 (5th Cir. 1972). Stated differently, customs inspectors may predicate searches on less than the 'probable cause' required in different circumstances: 'Border searches are governed by the test of reasonable suspicion, rather than that of probable cause.' United States v. Maggard,451 F.2d 502, 504 (5th Cir. 1971). The question on appeal is, then, whether the activities of the appellant provided the patrol officer with a reasonable basis for conducting the disputed search. In arguing that the officer had no reasonable basis to conduct a search the appellant places great weight on the fact that he had successfully negotiated the baggage checkpoint. As earlier indicated, he had not departed from the customs inspection area of the international airport. The appellant is apparently contending that his successful passage through the baggage line tolled any prior existing suspicion of the customs patrol officer and that any later search must be based on some additional suspicious behavior in order to reasonable. ² The appellant's position is legally untenable and is based on a conception of the customs process unsupported by facts in the record.

The customs inspection process in question involves both customs patrol officers and customs inspectors. The inspector is stationed so that he may check the luggage of incoming passengers while the patrol officer is part of a plainclothes roving inspection team. The patrol officers mingle with deplaning passengers both before and after they pass through the inspector's checkpoint. The inspector may, in the event his...