Chance v. Garrison

• Decision Date: 10 June 1976
• Docket Number: No. 75-2060,75-2060
• Citation: 537 F.2d 1212
• Parties: Danny CHANCE, Appellant, v. Samuel GARRISON, Warden, Central Prison, Appellee.
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — Fourth Circuit

Page 1212

537 F.2d 1212

Danny CHANCE, Appellant, v. Samuel GARRISON, Warden, Central Prison, Appellee.

No. 75-2060.

United States Court of Appeals Fourth Circuit.

Argued April 6, 1976.

Decided June 10, 1976.

William J. Cintolo, Revere, Mass. (Gerald Alch, Boston, Mass., on brief), for appellant.

Richard N. League, Asst. Atty. Gen. of N. C., Raleigh, N. C. (Rufus L. Edmisten, Atty. Gen. of N. C., Raleigh, N. C., on brief), for appellee.

Before BOREMAN, Senior Circuit Judge, WIDENER, Circuit Judge, and HADEN, District Judge. ^*

BOREMAN, Senior Circuit Judge:

In 1970, the appellant, Danny Chance, was indicted on state charges of kidnapping rape and murder resulting from the abduction of two persons, one of whom was raped and the other murdered. In March 1971 Chance was tried by a jury in a North Carolina state court, convicted of one count of rape, one count of murder, and two counts of kidnapping. He was sentenced to death. Chance appealed to the Supreme Court of North Carolina which affirmed his conviction, State v. Chance, 279 N.C. 643, 185 S.E.2d 227 (1971), and he subsequently sought review of his conviction by the United States Supreme Court which vacated the death sentence and remanded for resentencing. Chance v. North Carolina, 408 U.S. 940, 92 S.Ct. 2878, 33 L.Ed.2d 764 (1972). Upon remand, Chance was sentenced to two terms of life imprisonment and two terms of 99 years imprisonment, to be served consecutively.

In December 1974 Chance filed a petition in the United States District Court for a writ of habeas corpus. Chance appeals from that court's denial of his petition. We affirm.

Chance's principal argument is that he was denied due process of law as guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment when the trial court permitted the introduction of certain inculpatory statements which he contends were inadmissible under the provisions of section 7A-451(b) and 7A-457(a) of the North Carolina General Statutes because they were obtained in an "in-custody interrogation" at which counsel was not present. ¹ On direct appeal, the Supreme Court of North Carolina considered the admissibility of Chance's statements and held that the state statutes were not violated because "under the facts and circumstances of this case there was no 'in-custody interrogation.' " 185 S.E.2d at 239. In dismissing Chance's petition for habeas corpus, the district court did not reach the question of whether an "in-custody interrogation" occurred, but found that because Chance had effectively waived his right to counsel under Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436, 86 S.Ct. 1602, 16 L.Ed.2d 694 (1966), he could not now assert a federal constitutional claim arising out of the failure of the state to provide counsel at an "in-custody interrogation." Without deciding the merits of the district court's findings as to the waiver, we uphold the dismissal of Chance's petition on the ground that no federal question is presented.

Although no question of his federal Miranda rights is raised herein, Chance urges that if his statements were given under circumstances which in the absence of a waiver would constitute an "in-custody interrogation" actionable under Miranda, these statements must also be considered as having been obtained in an "in-custody interrogation" as defined by the state statute. He further contends that the finding of the state court that no "in-custody interrogation" occurred was erroneous because recent cases interpreting Miranda require a finding that his statements were obtained in an "in-custody interrogation." Thus Chance urges that he was entitled under state statutory law to the presence of counsel when the inculpatory statements were given, and that the failure to accord him his state rights constituted a denial of due process. We do not agree. The standard for determining when an "in-custody interrogation" occurs under the state statute is a question of state law which is not inextricably linked to the evolving federal standard for an "in-custody interrogation" actionable under Miranda. Not only has the Supreme Court of North Carolina previously determined that, in the instant case, there was no "in-custody interrogation" under state law but Chance has failed to demonstrate that the state court's interpretation of the state statute infringed upon any federally protected right. Matters of state law not involving federal constitutional issues are not appropriate grounds for federal habeas corpus relief, Grundler v. North Carolina, 283 F.2d 798 (4 Cir. 1960).

Chance contends further that he was denied a fair trial because (1) the jury was charged on two "felony murder" theories which had no factual basis, and (2) the jury was not instructed on the lesser included offenses of manslaughter and second degree murder although he had presented evidence that he...