Wilson By and Through Wilson v. Kimble

• Decision Date: 20 October 1983
• Docket Number: Civ. A. No. 82-K-795.
• Parties: James Thomas WILSON, By and Through his next friend and mother, Lorelle L. WILSON, Plaintiff, v. Edward T. KIMBLE, III, M.D., Pediatric Associates, P.C., the City of Colorado Springs, a Municipal corporation, by and through its agent Memorial Hospital, Defendants.
• Court: U.S. District Court — District of Colorado

573 F. Supp. 501

James Thomas WILSON, By and Through his next friend and mother, Lorelle L. WILSON, Plaintiff, v. Edward T. KIMBLE, III, M.D., Pediatric Associates, P.C., the City of Colorado Springs, a Municipal corporation, by and through its agent Memorial Hospital, Defendants.

Civ. A. No. 82-K-795.

United States District Court, D. Colorado.

October 20, 1983.

Kenton D. Kinnaird, Colorado Springs, Colo., Marvin Firestone, Boulder, Colo., for plaintiff.

Philip L. Dutt, Johnson, Mahoney & Scott, P.C., Denver, Colo., for Kimble and Pediatric Assoc.

Lee R. Wills, Colorado Springs, Colo., for City and Hospital.

MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER

KANE, District Judge.

This case is before me on a variety of pre-trial motions, including two motions to dismiss and a motion to strike. Because of my disposition of defendant Kimble's motion to dismiss, however, I will not address the other pending motions in this opinion. Kimble's motion raises an important question not previously decided in this circuit and rarely raised in other circuits: where is the domicile of a minor whose parents are temporarily separated without benefit of a divorce decree, a separation agreement, or an award of custody. For the reasons discussed below, I hold that a minor's domicile is that of his or her father in the absence of such a decree, award or agreement.

This suit is brought by a minor plaintiff by and through his next friend and mother, Lorelle Wilson. The plaintiff alleges that he was a citizen of Illinois at the time this suit was filed. The complaint seeks damages for medical malpractice against a pediatrician and neonatologist, Edward T. Kimble, III, Kimble's professional corporation, Pediatric Associates, P.C., and the Memorial Hospital of the City of Colorado Springs. In substance, the complaint alleges that Wilson was born prematurely and was placed in a regular nursery bassinet for three hours after birth, in violation of normal procedures for premature and small babies. Approximately three hours later the doctors and nurses learned that Wilson was blue, at which time he was placed in an oxygen tent in the intensive care nursery. Wilson had been diagnosed to have cerebral palsy, spastic quadriplegia, with a life expectancy of 60 years.

The complaint was filed in this case on May 19, 1982. A week before, Mrs. Wilson moved to Illinois, taking the plaintiff with her. From the facts and affidavits before me, it appears that she may have acquired domicile there. She obtained an Illinois driver's license and registered to vote there. She apparently moved back to Illinois for two reasons, because of marital difficulties and because she thought she could obtain a better education for her son there. Approximately five months later, she and her husband were reconciled. She returned to Colorado Springs with the plaintiff where she continues to live with her husband. For the limited purposes of this motion, I assume she was domiciled in Illinois when this suit was filed.

There is no dispute between the parties that the domicile of a minor child for diversity purposes must be determined by reference to the citizenship of some other person because an infant is not capable of forming the requisite intent to establish independent citizenship. Where the parties disagree is in the person by whose citizenship the plaintiff's domicile should be determined. Kimble urges me to adopt a rule which would determine Wilson's domicile by reference to his father, thus making Wilson a citizen of Colorado and destroying complete diversity. Not surprisingly, plaintiff would have me determine his domicile by reference to his mother's citizenship. Since Mrs. Wilson had formed the requisite intent to become a citizen of Illinois, there would be complete diversity.

This is a diversity case. As such, state law supplies the necessary underlying substantive law. Yet the question of Wilson's domicile can only be determined by reference to federal common law. Ziady v. Curley, 396 F.2d 873 (4th Cir.1968); Stifel v. Hopkins, 477 F.2d 1116 (6th Cir.1973). The only limitation on this approach is the singular dearth of federal common law on point, causing courts to

look to state law for guidance in defining terms, formulating concepts, or delineating policies.

477 F.2d at 1120. I am in agreement with Stifel v. Hopkins that conflicts law is "useful in providing basic working definitions," as long as we do not lose sight of the important federal interests involved. 477 F.2d at 1120.

One of the earliest cases on point is Lamar v. Micou, 112 U.S. 452, 5 S.Ct. 221, 28 L.Ed. 751 (1884). At issue was a guardian's liability to his minor ward for mismanagement and failure to render an accounting. The court stated the general rule that the domicile of an infant follows that of his father, unless deceased, in which case domicile follows the mother as long as she remains a widow. 112 U.S. at 470, 5 S.Ct. at 229. To the extent that the rule in Lamar finds support in the

basic concept of feudal law that a married

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