Omstead v. Dell, Inc.
| Decision Date | 05 February 2010 |
| Docket Number | No. 08-16479.,08-16479. |
| Citation | 594 F.3d 1081 |
| Parties | Michael OMSTEAD; Melissa Malloy; Lisa Smith, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situated, Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. DELL, INC., Defendant-Appellee. |
| Court | U.S. Court of Appeals — Ninth Circuit |
Jonathan D. Selbin (argued) and Kristen E. Law, Lieff, Cabraser, Heimann & Bernstein, LLP, New York, NY; Cynthia B. Chapman and Cory S. Fein, Caddell & Chapman, Houston, TX; John L. Malesovas, Malesovas & Martin, LLP, Waco, TX; Anthony L. Vitullo, Fee, Smith, Sharp & Vitullo, LLP, Dallas, TX; and Paul R. Kiesel and Patrick DeBlase, Beverly Hills, CA, for the plaintiffs-appellants.
Paul Schlaud (argued), Kim E. Brightwell, and Matt Frederick, Reeves & Brightwell, LLP, Austin, TX; Douglas R. Young and C. Brandon Wisoff, San Francisco, CA, for the defendant-appellee.
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Northern District of California Phyllis J. Hamilton, District Judge, Presiding. D.C. No. 3:06-CV-06293-PJH.
Before: MARY M. SCHROEDER and MARSHA S. BERZON, Circuit Judges, and LYLE E. STROM,* District Judge.
Plaintiffs-appellants, Michael Omstead, Melissa Malloy, and Lisa Smith (collectively, "plaintiffs"), brought a proposed class action1 against Dell, Inc. ("Dell"), asserting various claims under California state law predicated on the allegation that Dell designed, manufactured, and sold defective notebook computers. The district court granted Dell's motion to stay proceedings and compel arbitration. Plaintiffs refused to comply with the arbitration order, and the district court dismissed the action for failure to prosecute. Plaintiffs appeal the dismissal and the underlying arbitration order. We REVERSE.
Between July 2004 and January 2005 plaintiffs purchased notebook computers for $1200 to $1500 through Dell's website. At the time of purchase, plaintiffs were required to accept a written agreement titled "U.S. Terms and Conditions of Sale" (the "Agreement"). The Agreement contained the following provisions relevant to this appeal:
. . . .
11 Governing Law.
THIS AGREEMENT AND ANY SALES THERE UNDER SHALL BE GOVERNED BY THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF TEXAS, WITHOUT REGARD TO CONFLICTS OF LAWS RULES.
. . . .
13 Binding Arbitration.
ANY CLAIM, DISPUTE, OR CONTROVERSY ... BETWEEN CUSTOMER AND DELL ... SHALL BE RESOLVED EXCLUSIVELY AND FINALLY BY BINDING ARBITRATION ADMINISTERED BY THE NATIONAL ARBITRATION FORUM (NAF).... NEITHER CUSTOMER NOR DELL SHALL BE ENTITLED TO JOIN OR CONSOLIDATE CLAIMS BY OR AGAINST OTHER CUSTOMERS, OR ARBITRATE ANY CLAIM AS A REPRESENTATIVE OR CLASS ACTION....
Dell moved to stay proceedings and compel individual arbitration pursuant to the Agreement, and the district court granted the motion. Plaintiffs moved for reconsideration of the arbitration order; the district court denied reconsideration and directed the parties to file a joint status statement describing the status of their arbitration proceedings.
In the joint status statement, plaintiffs stipulated that they would not arbitrate their claims individually because it was not economically feasible for them to do so, and because the arbitration forum mandated by the Agreement was "blatantly biased" against consumers. Plaintiffs requested the district court enter a final order that would allow them to appeal the arbitration order. Plaintiffs further clarified: "Plaintiffs are not refusing to prosecute their claims; they are only refusing to arbitrate them in a manner which ... would be futile." Dell opposed plaintiffs' request and argued the only final judgment that would be appropriate under the circumstances would be a dismissal for failure to prosecute. The district court directed further briefing on the issue of whether the action should be dismissed, and if so, on what grounds.
Plaintiffs' supplemental brief restated their position that they were not refusing to prosecute their claims but were in a "procedural bind" because they could not afford to arbitrate their claims individually, and the arbitration order was not an appealable order. Plaintiffs identified two alternatives to dismissal: (1) stay the action pending this Court's ruling in Oestreicher v. Alienware Corp., infra, which at that time, was fully briefed and before the Court, or (2) certify the issue for interlocutory review. Dell opposed these alternatives and again argued for a dismissal for failure to prosecute. On May 21, 2008, the district court dismissed the action for failure to prosecute pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 41(b).
We review a dismissal for failure to prosecute for abuse of discretion. Ash v. Cvetkov, 739 F.2d 493, 495 (9th Cir. 1984). We review a district court's order compelling arbitration de novo. Davis v. O'Melveny & Myers, 485 F.3d 1066, 1072 (9th Cir.2007).
Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 41(b) provides: "If the plaintiff fails to prosecute or to comply with these rules or a court order, a defendant may move to dismiss the action or any claim against it." A Rule 41(b) dismissal "must be supported by a showing of unreasonable delay." Henderson v. Duncan, 779 F.2d 1421, 1423 (9th Cir.1986). In addition, the district court must weigh the following factors in determining whether a Rule 41(b) dismissal is warranted: "(1) the public's interest in expeditious resolution of litigation; (2) the court's need to manage its docket; (3) the risk of prejudice to the defendants; (4) the public policy favoring disposition of cases on their merits and (5) the availability of less drastic sanctions." Id. Where, as here, the district court does not make explicit findings on each factor, we independently review the record to determine whether the district court abused its discretion. Id. at 1424.
In this case, the district court abused its discretion when it dismissed plaintiffs' action for failure to prosecute. Plaintiffs did not cause any unreasonable delay in the progression of their case below. Upon review of the record, there were only two possible instances of delay: (1) plaintiffs waiting five months to file a motion for reconsideration of the district court's arbitration order, and (2) plaintiffs waiting two months to file the parties' joint status statement after being ordered to do so by the district court. Neither instance supports a Rule 41(b) dismissal. The motion for reconsideration was properly filed under the Northern District of California's local rules, see Civil L.R. 7-9(a), and the joint status statement was timely under the deadlines set by the district court and simply reiterated positions that were well-known to the parties and the district court. Further, the factors used in evaluating a Rule 41(b) dismissal favor plaintiffs. The record does not support a finding that plaintiffs' actions placed unwarranted stress on the district court's docket or prejudiced Dell. The public's interest in a resolution on the merits weighed strongly in plaintiffs' favor, and less drastic and more appropriate alternatives were available.
Plaintiffs sufficiently communicated to Dell and the district court that they wanted to prosecute their claims on a classwide basis, they believed the district court's arbitration order was fatal to their action, and they wanted the district court to enter an order that would permit appellate review of the arbitration issue. Not only was the district court's Rule 41(b) dismissal unsupported by the facts of this case, it also failed to accomplish plaintiffs' requested result because under our law, an appeal from a Rule 41(b) dismissal does not permit review of interlocutory orders. See Al-Torki v. Kaempen, 78 F.3d 1381, 1386 (9th Cir.1996).
Plaintiffs were not certain how they could procedurally obtain appellate review of the arbitration order while maintaining consistency with circuit law, given the then pending appeal from Oestreicher v. Alienware Corp., 502 F.Supp.2d 1061 (N.D.Cal.2007) (Oestreicher I), which presented similar issues. The appropriate order would have been a voluntary dismissal with prejudice under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 41(a)(2). We agree with the First Circuit's reasoning in John's Insulation, Inc. v. L. Addison and Associates, Inc., that "a plaintiff that deems an interlocutory ruling to be so prejudicial as to deserve immediate review ... has the alternative of dismissing the complaint voluntarily [with prejudice]." 156 F.3d 101, 107 (1st Cir.1998). As John's Insulation noted, such a tactic is risky: "Plaintiffs pursuing such an avenue of appeal risk forfeiting their potentially meritorious claims ... because the appellate court could affirm the dismissal." Id. Plaintiffs have demonstrated their understanding and acceptance of the risks involved.
To avoid a useless remand for entry of a modified judgment, we will construe the district court's Rule 41(b) dismissal as a Rule 41(a)(2) voluntary dismissal with prejudice and consider the underlying issue in this case, which is whether the case should have been ordered to arbitration.
Under the Federal Arbitration Act, 9 U.S.C. §§ 1-16, a written arbitration provision is valid and enforceable "save upon such grounds as exist at law or in equity for the revocation of any contract." 9 U.S.C. § 2. Generally applicable contract defenses, such as unconscionability, may render an arbitration provision unenforceable. Shroyer v. New Cingular Wireless Servs., Inc., 498 F.3d 976, 981 (9th Cir.2007). Whether an arbitration provision is unconscionable is governed by state contract law. See id.
The Agreement in this case contains a choice-of-law provision that states the Agreement is governed by Texas law. Plaintiffs argue the...
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