Miniard v. Califano, 77-1688

• Decision Date: 12 May 1980
• Docket Number: No. 77-1688,77-1688
• Parties: Delno MINIARD, Petitioner-Appellant, v. Joseph A. CALIFANO, Jr., Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare, Defendant-Appellee.
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — Sixth Circuit

Page 405

618 F.2d 405

Delno MINIARD, Petitioner-Appellant, v. Joseph A. CALIFANO, Jr., Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare, Defendant-Appellee.

No. 77-1688.

United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit.

Argued Nov. 29, 1979.

Decided March 10, 1980.

Rehearing Denied May 12, 1980.

Alva A. Hollon, Jr., Hollon, Hollon & Hollon, Hazard, Ky., for petitioner-appellant.

Patrick H. Molloy, U. S. Atty., William M. Brown, Lexington, Ky., for defendant-appellee.

Before EDWARDS, Chief Judge, and KEITH and KENNEDY, Circuit Judges.

KEITH, Circuit Judge.

Appellant Delno Miniard appeals from an order of a District Judge in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Kentucky affirming the denial of Black Lung benefits by the Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare. We reverse and remand for payment of benefits.

This case arises under Part B, Title IV of the Federal Coal Mine Health and Safety Act of 1969, as amended, 30 U.S.C. Section 901, et seq. Part B establishes a program for the payment of benefits by the Federal Government to coal miners or their survivors who meet the eligibility requirements of the Act and regulations promulgated thereunder. Under the Act, a person who has worked in underground coal mines for stated periods of time and is totally disabled because of pneumoconiosis is entitled to receive federal benefits. The statutory definition of pneumoconiosis is "a chronic dust disease of the lung, and its sequelae, including respiratory and pulmonary impairments, arising out of coal mine employment." 30 U.S.C. § 902(b).

To be eligible for payment of benefits, a living miner must demonstrate that he is totally disabled due to pneumoconiosis arising out of employment in one or more of the nation's coal mines. 20 C.F.R. § 410.410 (1972). To establish entitlement to benefits on the basis of total disability due to pneumoconiosis, a claimant must submit the evidence necessary to establish: 1) that he is a coal miner; 2) that he is totally disabled due to pneumoconiosis; and 3) that his pneumoconiosis arose out of employment in the nation's coal mines.

Plaintiff-appellant Delno Miniard filed an application for Black Lung benefits on March 6, 1970, which was denied initially by the Bureau of Disability Insurance of the Social Security Administration on the basis of a negative x-ray interpretation. The 1969 Act was amended in 1972 by the Black Lung Benefits Act, ¹ and Miniard's claim was re-evaluated in light of these amendments, and again denied, on April 23, 1973. This denial was premised on a finding that the claimant did not suffer from complicated coal worker's pneumoconiosis, and that he was "still actively employed" at the time that his claim was reconsidered.

Miniard then requested a hearing before an administrative law judge, who issued a decision on September 10, 1974 in which appellant was again denied benefits. The administrative law judge found that the fact that Miniard continued to work in the mines for approximately three years after first filing his claim for benefits under the Act tended "to rebut a finding of total disability", in the absence of complicated pneumoconiosis. His case was further weakened before the administrative law judge "by the fact that he stopped working, after his claim was adjudicated, because he was told to when medical reports showing pneumoconiosis were favorable to his case. That reason is quite different than the statutory requirement for granting benefits particularly under the facts and circumstances here present." The administrative law judge concluded that "(t)hus even accepting the claimant's medical proof of simple pneumoconiosis, it cannot here be concluded that it results in a significant amount of dysfunction in the miner to warrant a finding of total disability, as that term is defined in the Act."

On September 15, 1975, the Appeals Council, affirmed the denial of benefits by the administrative law judge, which became the Secretary's final decision in this case.

The claimant then sought review of the Secretary's final decision in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Kentucky. The case was referred to a United States Magistrate, whose report and recommendation was that the Secretary's decision should be affirmed. In an order entered August 10, 1977, the District Court affirmed the Secretary's denial of benefits. From that order, claimant appeals.

I.

Appellant Miniard is a 77 year old ex-coal miner with an eighth grade education, who worked in the coal mines for "about twenty-eight years," last working on June 8, 1973. ² At the hearing before the administrative law judge, appellant testified to having quit his employment in the mines "on account of my (his) disability." He testified that he had thought about quitting in 1972, a year earlier than he did in fact quit, because he "just wasn't able to work," and "didn't feel like working." He stated that he found it hard to work as a result of his respiratory problems he was weak, he could not "hold out" all day, or do a good day's work because of the need to sit down and rest. Miniard testified that although he was not physically able to do his job properly during the last part of his employment, he forced himself to continue working because he needed the work as a means of support. He stated further that he had had the feeling of being weak and tired, and had been coughing up mucus, experiencing shortness of breath, and smothering at night, for the past five or six years. ³ In addition he testified that his lawyer had received a report from a doctor who had examined Miniard indicating that he had silicosis and "different things wrong with my (his) chest", with the suggestion that he terminate employment.

The medical evidence submitted by appellant in support of his claim for benefits, and upon which the administrative law judge relied in making his determinations, consisted of seven inconclusive readings of three chest x-rays, and one general report by an examining physician. The first chest x-ray was taken on February 24, 1971 and was read as negative for pneumoconiosis by Dr. William H. Anderson, a Board certified internist with a subspecialty in pulmonary diseases. This reading was confirmed by Dr. L. J. Bristol, a Diplomate of Radiology, who reread the x-ray, and found no evidence of pneumoconiosis.

Additionally, both parties referred to a second chest x-ray of May 19, 1972, read by Dr. W. K. C. Morgan, an internist with some specialty practice in occupational medicine and pulmonary diseases, who indicated that although the reading was negative for pneumoconiosis, the x-ray revealed fibrotic strains on discs of atelectasis of the left costophrenic angle. The administrative law judge did not cite this report among the evidence evaluated.

The most disputed chest x-ray was taken on May 26, 1973, by Dr. J. Roy Biggs, a Board certified radiologist, who found pneumoconiosis category 1/0 ps. This film was reread by Dr. H. W. Reckmann, another radiologist, who found pneumoconiosis category 2p. Dr. L. J. Bristol also read this x-ray, interpreting it as negative for pneumoconiosis, but finding indications of an enlarged heart abnormality.

Dr. Robert B. Matheny, a general practitioner, personally examined the claimant on May 26, 1973, for complaints of shortness of breath, coughing, and chest pains on the left side. Miniard complained of dyspneic feelings after walking one block on level ground or up an incline, as well as of having experienced a productive cough and chest pains for several years. Physical examination found inspiratory squeaks, bronchial breathing sounds, two plus edema, and elevated blood pressure. Dr. Matheny also noted arrhythmia. A chest x-ray film revealed hilar calcifications and increased nodularity in both lung fields. Dr. Matheny's final diagnoses were: 1) pneumoconiosis, category 1/0 ps; 2) chronic bronchitis; 3)chronic obstructive airway disease; 4) hypertension; 5) arrhythmia; 6) cardiomegaly and 7) osteosclerosis.

II.

As Judge Lively noted in Ansel v. Weinberger, 529 F.2d 304, 306 (6th Cir. 1976), the Black Lung Benefits Act of 1972, which amended the 1969 Act, was designed to:

"Relax the often insurmountable burden of proving eligibility by prohibiting a denial of claims based solely on a negative chest roentgenogram and by presuming that miners with 15 years experience who are disabled by a respiratory or pulmonary impairment are disabled by pneumoconiosis. Senate Report No. 92-743 (1972) 92 Cong., 2nd Sess., 2 U.S.Cong. & Admin.News 1972 at 2306."

(emphasis added)

The 1972 amendments accomplished this goal by creating a series of statutory presumptions for determining the existence of pneumoconiosis, in addition to providing for a more liberal construction of the disability requirement. 30 U.S.C. § 902(f)(1) provides that:

"The term 'total disability' has the meaning given it by regulations of the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare, . . . except that . . . in the case of a living miner, such regulations shall provide that a miner shall be considered totally disabled when pneumoconiosis prevents him or her from engaging in gainful employment requiring the skills and abilities comparable to those of any employment in a mine or mines in which he or she previously engaged with some regularity and over a substantial period of time . . . .

(S)uch regulations shall provide that . . . in the case of a living miner, if there are changed circumstances of employment indicative of reduced ability to perform his or her usual coal mine work, such miner's employment in a mine shall not be used as conclusive evidence that the miner is not totally disabled . . . .

Such regulations shall not provide more restrictive criteria than those applicable under Section 223(d) of the Social Security Act (42 USC § 423(d))."

(emphasis added)

20 C.F.R. § 410.412(a) adds to the elements contained in the above definition the requirement...