Hepting v. AT & T Corp. (In re Nat'l Sec. Agency Telecomms. Records Litig.), s. 09–16676

• Decision Date: 29 December 2011
• Docket Number: 09–16704,09–16690,Nos. 09–16676,09–16684,09–16719,09–16692,09–16688,09–16682,09–16697,09–16701,09–16713,09–16723.,09–16683,09–16717,09–16686,09–16691,09–16696,09–16694,09–16712,09–16685,09–16677,09–16702,09–16700,09–16679,09–16707,09–16708,09–16698,09–16693,09–16709,09–16706,09–16720,09–16687,09–16710,s. 09–16676
• Citation: 671 F.3d 881
• Parties: In re NATIONAL SECURITY AGENCY TELECOMMUNICATIONS RECORDS LITIGATION, Tash Hepting; Gregory Hicks ; Erik Knutzen; Carolyn Jewel, on behalf of themselves and all other similarly situated, Plaintiffs–Appellants, v. AT & T Corporation; AT & T, Inc., Defendants–Appellees, United States of America, Defendant–intervenor–Appellee. Sean Basinski, on behalf of himself and all others similarly situated; All Plaintiffs, Plaintiffs–Appellants, v. Verizon Communications, Inc.; Verizon, Defendants–Appellees, United States of America, Defendant–intervenor–Appellee. Richard D. Suchanek, III, on behalf of himself and all others similarly situated; All Plaintiffs, Plaintiffs–Appellants, v. Sprint Nextel Corporation, Defendant–Appellee, United States of America, Defendant–intervenor–Appellee. Charles F. Bissitt; Sandra Bissitt; George Hayek, III; June Matrumalo; Gerard Thibeault; Arthur Bouchard; Maryann Bouchard; Aldo Caparco; Janice Caparco; Jenna Caparco; Rose Deluca; Nicole Mirabella; Patricia Pothier; Paul Pothier; Marshall Votta; Vincent Matrumalo; Paula Matrumalo; Jennifer Thomas; Christine Douquette; Maryann Klaczynski; All Plaintiffs, Plaintiffs–Appellants, v. Verizon Communications, Inc.; Verizon, Defendants–Appellees. Christopher Bready; Anne Bready; Kyu Chun Kim; Jenet Artis; Claudis Artis; David Beverly, Jr.; All Plaintiffs, Plaintiffs–Appellants, v. Verizon Maryland, Inc.; Verizon, Defendants–Appellees, United States of America, Defendant–intervenor–Appellee. Tom Campbell; George Main ; Dennis P. Riordan; Margaret Russell; Robert Scheer; Peter Sussman; Richard Belzer; Marc Cooper ; Stephen J. Mather; Sandra Richards; Curren Warf; American Civil Liberties Union of Northern California, a nonprofit corporation; ACLU of Southern California, a nonprofit corporation; American Civil Liberties Union of San Diego/Imperial Counties, a nonprofit corporation; All Plaintiffs, Plaintiffs–Appellants, v. AT & T Communications of California, a corporation; AT & T Corp., a corporation, Defendants–Appellees, United States of America, Defendant–intervenor–Appellee. Dennis P. Riordan; Edward Gerard De Bonis; Robert S. Gerstein ; Rod Gorney; Robert Jacobson; Vincent J. Maniscalco; Carol Sobel ; American Civil Liberties Union of Northern California, a nonprofit corporation; ACLU of Southern California, a nonprofit corporation; American Civil Liberties Union of San Diego/Imperial Counties, a nonprofit corporation; All Plaintiffs, Plaintiffs–Appellants, v. Verizon Communications, Inc., a corporation; Verizon, Defendants–Appellees, United States of America, Defendant–intervenor–Appellee. Glen Chulsky; Alejandro Trombley; Samuel Fisher; Omar Moreno ; Paul Robilotti; Stephen Ternlund; Anatoly Sapoznick; All Plaintiffs, Plaintiffs–Appellants, v. Cellco Partnership, dba Verizon Wireless; Verizon, Verizon Communications, Inc.; AT & T, Inc.; Cingular Wireless, Defendants–Appellees, United States of America, Defendant–intervenor–Appellee. Charmaine Crockett; A. Joris Watland; Anakalia Kaluna; Kim Coco Iwamoto; William R. Massey, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situated; All Plaintiffs, Plaintiffs–Appellants, v. Verizon Wireless, (VAW) LLC; Hawaiian Telecom, Inc., dba Verizon Hawaii; Nextel West Corp., dba Sprint; Cingular Wireless LLC; Verizon, Defendants–Appellees, United States of America, Defendant–intervenor–Appellee. Travis Cross ; John Elder ; Gabriel Fileppelli; Sam Goldstein ; Healing Arts Center; David Kadlec; The Libertarian Party of Indiana; Tim Peterson; Carolyn W. Rader ; Sam Goldstein Insurance Agency, Inc. ; Sean Sheppard; All Plaintiffs, Plaintiffs–Appellants, v. AT & T Communications, Inc. ; AT & T Corp.; AT & T Teleholdings, Inc., FKA SBC; Bright House Networks, LLC; Cingular Wireless, LLC; Comcast Telecommunications, Inc. ; Indiana Bell Telephone Company, Inc., dba SBC Ameritech Indiana; MCI Communications Services, Inc.; Nextel West Corp., dba Sprint Nextel; Sprint Communications Company, L.P.; Spring Spectrum L.P. ; TDS Communications Solutions, Inc. ; Verizon Wireless Services, Inc. ; Verizon, Defendants–Appellees, United States of America, Defendant–intervenor–Appellee. Joan Dubois; Christopher Yowtz; Rebecca Yowtz; All Plaintiffs, Plaintiffs–Appellants, v. AT & T Corp.; Charter Communications LLC; Communications Services, Inc.; Transworld Network Corp.; Verizon Wireless, LLC; Verizon, Defendants–Appellees, United States of America, Defendant–intervenor–Appellee. Travis Cross ; John Elder ; Gabriel Fileppelli; Sam Goldstein ; Healing Arts Center; David Kadlec; The Libertarian Party of Indiana; Tim Peterson; Carolyn W. Rader ; Sam Goldstein Insurance Agency, Inc. ; Sean Sheppard, individually an on behalf of others similarly situated; All Plaintiffs, Plaintiffs–Appellants, v. AT & T Communications of California, Inc. ; AT & T Corp.; AT & T Teleholdings, Inc.; Bright House Networks, LLC; Cingular Wireless, LLC; Comcast Telecommunications, Inc. ; Indiana Bell Telephone Company Incorporated, other SBC Ameritech Indiana; MCI Worldcom Advanced Networks, LLC ; McLeodUSA Telecommunications Services, Inc.; Nextel West Corp., dba Sprint Nextel Corporation; Sprint Communications Company L.P.; Spring Spectrum L.P. ; TDS Communications Solutions, Inc. ; Verizon Wireless Services, LLC; Verizon, Defendants–Appellees, United States of America, Defendant–intervenor–Appellee. Pat Mahoney, individually, and on behalf of all others similarly situated; All Plaintiffs, Plaintiffs–Appellants, v. AT & T Communications, Inc. ; AT & T Corp., Defendants–Appellees, United States of America, Defendant–intervenor–Appellee. Pamela A. Mahoney, on behalf of herself and all others similarly situated; All Plaintiffs, Plaintiffs–Appellants, v. Verizon Communications, Inc.; Verizon, Defendants–Appellees, United States of America, Defendant–intervenor–Appellee. Mark P. Solomon, MD, on behalf of himself and all others similarly situated; All Plaintiffs, Plaintiffs–Appellants, v. Verizon Communications, Inc.; Verizon, Defendants–Appellees, United States of America, Defendant–intervenor–Appellee. Rhea Fuller, on behalf of herself and all others similarly situated; All Plaintiffs, Plaintiffs–Appellants, v. Verizon Communications, Inc.; Verizon Wireless, LLC; Verizon, Defendants–Appellees, United States of America, Defendant–intervenor–Appellee. Shelly D. Souder; All Plaintiffs, Plaintiffs–Appellants, v. AT & T Inc.; AT & T Corp., Defendants–Appellees, United States of America, Defendant–intervenor–Appellee. Steve Dolberg, on behalf of himself and all others similarly situated; All Plaintiffs, Plaintiffs–Appellants, v. AT & T, Inc.; AT & T Corp., Defendants–Appellees, United States of America, Defendant–intervenor–Appellee. Theresa Fortnash; All Plaintiffs, Plaintiffs–Appellants, v. AT & T Corp., Defendant–Appellee, United States of America, Defendant–intervenor–Appellee. D. Clive Hardy; All Plaintiffs, Plaintiffs–Appellants, v. AT & T Corporation, Defendant–Appellee, United States of America, Defendant–intervenor–Appellee. James C. Harrington; Richard A. Grigg; Louis Black; The Austin Chronicle; Michael Kentor, on behalf of themselves and all others similarly situated; All Plaintiffs, Plaintiffs–Appellants, v. AT & T, Inc.; AT & T Corp.; AT & T Operations Inc. ; New Cingular Wireless Services, Inc., Defendants–Appellees. Tina Herron; Brandy Sergi, individually and as representative of all similarly situated individuals; All Plaintiffs, Plaintiffs–Appellants, v. Verizon Global Networks, Inc.; AT & T Corp.; American Telephone and Telegraph Company; BellSouth Communication Systems, LLC; BellSouth Telecommunications, Inc.; Verizon, Defendants–Appellees, United States of America, Defendant–intervenor–Appellee. Darryl Hines ; Alex Klabacka; Jana Klabacja; All Plaintiffs, Plaintiffs–Appellants, v. Verizon Northwest, Inc., an active Washington corporation; Verizon Communications, Inc., an active Delaware corporation; Verizon, Defendants–Appellees, United States of America, Defendant–intervenor–Appellee. Howard Jacobs, a natural person; Laurence Kornblum, a natural person; Kathleen Miller, a natural person, on behalf of themselves and all others similarly situated; All Plaintiffs, Plaintiffs–Appellants, v. AT & T Corp., a foreign corporation; American Telephone and Telegraph Company, a foreign corporation; BellSouth Telecommunications, Inc., a foreign corporation; Cingular Wireless LLC, a foreign limited liability company; Verizon Communications, Inc., a foreign limited liability company; Verizon Florida, Inc., a Florida corporation; Verizon, Defendants–Appellees, United States of America, Defendant–intervenor–Appellee. Claudia Mink; All Plaintiffs, Plaintiffs–Appellants, v. AT & T Communications of the Southwest, Inc., a Delaware corporation; Southwestern Bell Telephone, L.P., a Texas limited partnership; SBC Long Distance, LLC, a Delaware corporation, Defendants–Appellees, United States of America, Defendant–intervenor–Appellee. Richard Roche ; All Plaintiffs, Plaintiffs–Appellants, v. AT & T Corp., Defendant–Appellee, United States of America, Defendant–intervenor–Appellee. Benson B. Roe; Paul Goltz, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situated; All Plaintiffs, Plaintiffs–Appellants, v. AT & T Corp., a New York corporation; AT & T Inc., a Delaware corporation; SBC Long Distance, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, dba AT & T Long Distance ; Pacific Bell Telephone Company, a California corporation, DBA AT & T California; AT & T Communications of California, Inc., a California corporation, Defendants–Appellees, United States of America, Defendant–intervenor–Appellee. Elaine Spielfogel–Landis, on behalf of herself and all others similarly situated; All Plaintiffs, Plaintiffs–Appellants, v. MCI, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company; Verizon, Defendants–Appellees, United States of America, Defendant–intervenor–Appellee. Studs Terkel, (now deceased); Barbara Flynn Currie; Diane C. Geraghty; Gary S. Gerson; James D. Montgomery; Quentin Young, on behalf of themselves and all others similarly situated; American Civil Liberties Union of Illinois, Inc.; All Plaintiffs, Plaintiffs–Appellants, v. AT & T Corp.; Illinois Bell Telephone Co., dba AT & T Illinois ; United States of America, Defendants–Appellees. Herbert Waxman, on behalf of himself and all others similarly situated; All Plaintiffs, Plaintiffs–Appellants, v. AT & T Corp., Defendant–Appellee, United States of America, Defendant–intervenor–Appellee. Steven Lebow, Rabbi; Steven Bruning; Cathy Bruning; Jonnie Starkey; Brian Bradley ; Barry Kaltman; Meredith Kaltman; All Plaintiffs, Plaintiffs–Appellants, v. Bell South Corporation; Cingular Wireless LLC; Sprint Nextel Corporation; National Security Agency, Defendants–Appellees. Ray Anderson; Collin Baber; Mark Barker; John Barrett; Anthony Bartelemy; William Betz; Fran Blamer; Trudy Bond ; Kristen Brink; Shane Brink; Michael Brooks; Paul Bruney; Peter Catizone; Steve Christianson ; John Clark; Kingsley Clark; Thomas M. Cleaver; Gerard P. Clerkin; Peter B. Collins ; Kris Costa; Mark Costa ; Julie Davis; Sharon L. Davis; Toni Didona; Theresa R. Duffy; Thomas S. Dwyer; Thomas Michael Fain; Shawn Fitzgibbons; John Fitzpatrick; Jennifer Florio; Margaret Franklin ; Dawn Furler; C. Garifo; Diane Gavlinski; Joseph Gehring; Jane Gentile–Youd; Mark Gentile–Youd; G. Lawrence Gettier; Linda Gettier; Linda J. Gettier; Jit Gill ; Mike Gilmore ; Jayson Gleason; Marc Goldstone; Todd Graff; Janet Granja; Susan Grossman ; Stephanie Gustave; Pam Haddon; Vern Haddon; Don Hawkins; Donna Hawkings; Jose V. Heinert; Lamar Henderson; Carolyn R. Hensley; Douglas S. Hensley; Donald Herron; Jennifer Hontz; Joyce Jackson; Andrew Jaffe; Randel James; Michael Johnson; Diane Juliano; Fay Kaiser; Rajendram Krishnan; Barbara Langer ; Michael Lavo; Fred Leak; Ken Leha; Ben Lindsey ; Lisa Lockwood; Ms. Lodge ; Nancy K. Lorey; Michael T. Lyda; Eleanor M. Lynn; Esq.; Terry Mancour; Charlene Mann; Rev.; Jon Paul McClellan; Alicia McCollum; James McGrattan; Rev. Joe McMurray; Stephanie Meket; Clyde Michael Morgan; Theodore R. Morris; Sheri A. Mueller; Prof. Robert Newby; Fran Nobile; Serge Popper; Ilene Pruett ; Dr. Michael Reusch; Merrilyn Rome; Michele Rosen ; Michele S. Rothmel; Kevin Shawler; Greg L. Smith; Harris Sondak; James Vanalstine; Chris Von Obenauer; Deadria Farmer–Paellmann; Dan Patton ; Ray Pena ; Constance Phillips ; Mark Plante; Jeremy Puhlman; Martin Razo ; Daniel Reimann; Mark Richards; Linda Rithkis; William Robinette ; Fred Rogers; Darlene Rogers; Kathleen Rogers; William J. Romansky; Bronson Rosier; Josh Seefried; Anna F. Shallenberger; Royce Shepard; Robert Siden; Gregory L. Smith; Christian Stalberg ; Michael L. Stephan; Robert Stewart; Donna A. Stone; Regina Sunberg; William R. Sweeney; Jr.; David Taylor; April Tipe; Allen T. Trader III; Barry W. Tribble; Fred Trinkoff; Thomas Vilar; Vickie Votaw; Leon Dwight Wallace; Achieng Warambo; Ulrich Geister; David White; Jane Winston; Kevin Wright; Joel Ainger; Carol Cose; Deborah Dougherty; James Flynn; Irene King; Paul Kraft ; Gina De Miranda; Catalina R. Thompson; Mary Leah Weiss ; Elizabeth Arnone; Eleanor Lynn ; Jay H. Rowell; Daniel Reimann; Vivian Phillips; Jeffrey G. Marsocci ; Bridget Irving; James Hall; John McIntyre ; Beth White; Brad Marston; and Paul Sunberg, Plaintiffs–Appellants, v. Verizon Communications, Inc.; National Security Agency; George W. Bush; BellSouth Corporation; AT & T Corporation; AT & T Inc.; Verizon, Defendants–Appellees, United States of America, Defendant–intervenor–Appellee. James Joll; Ramon Goggins; Ian Walker ; James Nurkiewicz, on behalf of themselves and all others similarly situated; All Plaintiffs, Plaintiffs–Appellants, v. AT & T Corp.; AT & T Inc.; Verizon Communications, Inc.; BellSouth Corp.; Verizon, Defendants–Appellees, United States of America, Defendant–intervenor–Appellee.
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — Ninth Circuit

671 F.3d 881

In re NATIONAL SECURITY AGENCY TELECOMMUNICATIONS RECORDS LITIGATION,

Tash Hepting; Gregory Hicks ; Erik Knutzen; Carolyn Jewel, on behalf of themselves and all other similarly situated, Plaintiffs–Appellants,

v.AT & T Corporation; AT & T, Inc., Defendants–Appellees,United States of America, Defendant–intervenor–Appellee.

Sean Basinski, on behalf of himself and all others similarly situated; All Plaintiffs, Plaintiffs–Appellants,

v.Verizon Communications, Inc.; Verizon, Defendants–Appellees,United States of America, Defendant–intervenor–Appellee.

Richard D. Suchanek, III, on behalf of himself and all others similarly situated; All Plaintiffs, Plaintiffs–Appellants,

v.Sprint Nextel Corporation, Defendant–Appellee,United States of America, Defendant–intervenor–Appellee.

Charles F. Bissitt; Sandra Bissitt; George Hayek, III; June Matrumalo; Gerard Thibeault; Arthur Bouchard; Maryann Bouchard; Aldo Caparco; Janice Caparco; Jenna Caparco; Rose Deluca; Nicole Mirabella; Patricia Pothier; Paul Pothier; Marshall Votta; Vincent Matrumalo; Paula Matrumalo; Jennifer Thomas; Christine Douquette; Maryann Klaczynski; All Plaintiffs, Plaintiffs–Appellants,

v.Verizon Communications, Inc.; Verizon, Defendants–Appellees.

Christopher Bready; Anne Bready; Kyu Chun Kim; Jenet Artis; Claudis Artis; David Beverly, Jr.; All Plaintiffs, Plaintiffs–Appellants,

v.Verizon Maryland, Inc.; Verizon, Defendants–Appellees,United States of America, Defendant–intervenor–Appellee.

Tom Campbell; George Main ; Dennis P. Riordan; Margaret Russell; Robert Scheer; Peter Sussman; Richard Belzer; Marc Cooper ; Stephen J. Mather; Sandra Richards; Curren Warf; American Civil Liberties Union of Northern California, a nonprofit corporation; ACLU of Southern California, a nonprofit corporation; American Civil Liberties Union of San Diego/Imperial Counties, a nonprofit corporation; All Plaintiffs, Plaintiffs–Appellants,

v.AT & T Communications of California, a corporation; AT & T Corp., a corporation, Defendants–Appellees,United States of America, Defendant–intervenor–Appellee.

Dennis P. Riordan; Edward Gerard De Bonis; Robert S. Gerstein ; Rod Gorney; Robert Jacobson; Vincent J. Maniscalco; Carol Sobel ; American Civil Liberties Union of Northern California, a nonprofit corporation; ACLU of Southern California, a nonprofit corporation; American Civil Liberties Union of San Diego/Imperial Counties, a nonprofit corporation; All Plaintiffs, Plaintiffs–Appellants,

v.Verizon Communications, Inc., a corporation; Verizon, Defendants–Appellees,United States of America, Defendant–intervenor–Appellee.

Glen Chulsky; Alejandro Trombley; Samuel Fisher; Omar Moreno ; Paul Robilotti; Stephen Ternlund; Anatoly Sapoznick; All Plaintiffs, Plaintiffs–Appellants,

v.Cellco Partnership, dba Verizon Wireless; Verizon, Verizon Communications, Inc.; AT & T, Inc.; Cingular Wireless, Defendants–Appellees,United States of America, Defendant–intervenor–Appellee.

Charmaine Crockett; A. Joris Watland; Anakalia Kaluna; Kim Coco Iwamoto; William R. Massey, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situated; All Plaintiffs, Plaintiffs–Appellants,

v.Verizon Wireless, (VAW) LLC; Hawaiian Telecom, Inc., dba Verizon Hawaii; Nextel West Corp., dba Sprint; Cingular Wireless LLC; Verizon, Defendants–Appellees,United States of America, Defendant–intervenor–Appellee.

Travis Cross ; John Elder ; Gabriel Fileppelli; Sam Goldstein ; Healing Arts Center; David Kadlec; The Libertarian Party of Indiana; Tim Peterson; Carolyn W. Rader ; Sam Goldstein Insurance Agency, Inc. ; Sean Sheppard; All Plaintiffs, Plaintiffs–Appellants,

v.AT & T Communications, Inc. ; AT & T Corp.; AT & T Teleholdings, Inc., FKA SBC; Bright House Networks, LLC; Cingular Wireless, LLC; Comcast Telecommunications, Inc. ; Indiana Bell Telephone Company, Inc., dba SBC Ameritech Indiana; MCI Communications Services, Inc.; Nextel West Corp., dba Sprint Nextel; Sprint Communications Company, L.P.; Spring Spectrum L.P. ; TDS Communications Solutions, Inc. ; Verizon Wireless Services, Inc. ; Verizon, Defendants–Appellees,United States of America, Defendant–intervenor–Appellee.

Joan Dubois; Christopher Yowtz; Rebecca Yowtz; All Plaintiffs, Plaintiffs–Appellants,

v.AT & T Corp.; Charter Communications LLC; Communications Services, Inc.; Transworld Network Corp.; Verizon Wireless, LLC; Verizon, Defendants–Appellees,United States of America, Defendant–intervenor–Appellee.

Travis Cross ; John Elder ; Gabriel Fileppelli; Sam Goldstein ; Healing Arts Center; David Kadlec; The Libertarian Party of Indiana; Tim Peterson; Carolyn W. Rader ; Sam Goldstein Insurance Agency, Inc. ; Sean Sheppard, individually an on behalf of others similarly situated; All Plaintiffs, Plaintiffs–Appellants,

v.AT & T Communications of California, Inc. ; AT & T Corp.; AT & T Teleholdings, Inc.; Bright House Networks, LLC; Cingular Wireless, LLC; Comcast Telecommunications, Inc. ; Indiana Bell Telephone Company Incorporated, other SBC Ameritech Indiana; MCI Worldcom Advanced Networks, LLC ; McLeodUSA Telecommunications Services, Inc.; Nextel West Corp., dba Sprint Nextel Corporation; Sprint Communications Company L.P.; Spring Spectrum L.P. ; TDS Communications Solutions, Inc. ; Verizon Wireless Services, LLC; Verizon, Defendants–Appellees,United States of America, Defendant–intervenor–Appellee.

Pat Mahoney, individually, and on behalf of all others similarly situated; All Plaintiffs, Plaintiffs–Appellants,

v.AT & T Communications, Inc. ; AT & T Corp., Defendants–Appellees,United States of America, Defendant–intervenor–Appellee.

Pamela A. Mahoney, on behalf of herself and all others similarly situated; All Plaintiffs, Plaintiffs–Appellants,

v.Verizon Communications, Inc.; Verizon, Defendants–Appellees,United States of America, Defendant–intervenor–Appellee.

Mark P. Solomon, MD, on behalf of himself and all others similarly situated; All Plaintiffs, Plaintiffs–Appellants,

v.Verizon Communications, Inc.; Verizon, Defendants–Appellees,United States of America, Defendant–intervenor–Appellee.

Rhea Fuller, on behalf of herself and all others similarly situated; All Plaintiffs, Plaintiffs–Appellants,

v.Verizon Communications, Inc.; Verizon Wireless, LLC; Verizon, Defendants–Appellees,United States of America, Defendant–intervenor–Appellee.

Shelly D. Souder; All Plaintiffs, Plaintiffs–Appellants,

v.AT & T Inc.; AT & T Corp., Defendants–Appellees,United States of America, Defendant–intervenor–Appellee.

Steve Dolberg, on behalf of himself and all others similarly situated; All Plaintiffs, Plaintiffs–Appellants,

v.AT & T, Inc.; AT & T Corp., Defendants–Appellees,United States of America, Defendant–intervenor–Appellee.

Theresa Fortnash; All Plaintiffs, Plaintiffs–Appellants,

v.AT & T Corp., Defendant–Appellee,United States of America, Defendant–intervenor–Appellee.

D. Clive Hardy; All Plaintiffs, Plaintiffs–Appellants,

v.AT & T Corporation, Defendant–Appellee,United States of America, Defendant–intervenor–Appellee.

James C. Harrington; Richard A. Grigg; Louis Black; The Austin Chronicle; Michael Kentor, on behalf of themselves and all others similarly situated; All Plaintiffs, Plaintiffs–Appellants,

v.AT & T, Inc.; AT & T Corp.; AT & T Operations Inc. ; New Cingular Wireless Services, Inc., Defendants–Appellees.

Tina Herron; Brandy Sergi, individually and as representative of all similarly situated individuals; All Plaintiffs, Plaintiffs–Appellants,

v.Verizon Global Networks, Inc.; AT & T Corp.; American Telephone and Telegraph Company; BellSouth Communication Systems, LLC; BellSouth Telecommunications, Inc.; Verizon, Defendants–Appellees,United States of America, Defendant–intervenor–Appellee.

Darryl Hines ; Alex Klabacka; Jana Klabacja; All Plaintiffs, Plaintiffs–Appellants,

v.Verizon Northwest, Inc., an active Washington corporation; Verizon Communications, Inc., an active Delaware corporation; Verizon, Defendants–Appellees,United States of America, Defendant–intervenor–Appellee.

Howard Jacobs, a natural person; Laurence Kornblum, a natural person; Kathleen Miller, a natural person, on behalf of themselves and all others similarly situated; All Plaintiffs, Plaintiffs–Appellants,

v.AT & T Corp., a foreign corporation; American Telephone and Telegraph Company, a foreign corporation; BellSouth Telecommunications, Inc., a foreign corporation; Cingular Wireless LLC, a foreign limited liability company; Verizon Communications, Inc., a foreign limited liability company; Verizon Florida, Inc., a Florida corporation; Verizon, Defendants–Appellees,United States of America, Defendant–intervenor–Appellee.

Claudia Mink; All Plaintiffs, Plaintiffs–Appellants,

v.AT & T Communications of the Southwest, Inc., a Delaware corporation; Southwestern Bell Telephone, L.P., a Texas limited partnership; SBC Long Distance, LLC, a Delaware corporation, Defendants–Appellees,United States of America, Defendant–intervenor–Appellee.

Richard Roche ; All Plaintiffs, Plaintiffs–Appellants,

v.AT & T Corp., Defendant–Appellee,United States of America, Defendant–intervenor–Appellee.

Benson B. Roe; Paul Goltz, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situated; All Plaintiffs, Plaintiffs–Appellants,

v.AT & T Corp., a New York corporation; AT & T Inc., a Delaware corporation; SBC Long Distance, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, dba AT & T Long Distance ; Pacific Bell Telephone Company, a California corporation, DBA AT & T California; AT & T Communications of California, Inc., a California corporation, Defendants–Appellees,United States of America, Defendant–intervenor–Appellee.

Elaine Spielfogel–Landis, on behalf of herself and all others similarly situated; All Plaintiffs, Plaintiffs–Appellants,

v.MCI, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company; Verizon, Defendants–Appellees,United States of America, Defendant–intervenor–Appellee.

Studs Terkel, (now deceased); Barbara Flynn Currie; Diane C. Geraghty; Gary S. Gerson; James D. Montgomery; Quentin Young, on behalf of themselves and all others similarly situated; American Civil...