Willingham v. State, A08A2137.

• Decision Date: 13 February 2009
• Docket Number: No. A08A2137.,A08A2137.
• Citation: 673 S.E.2d 606,296 Ga. App. 89
• Parties: WILLINGHAM v. The STATE.
• Court: Georgia Court of Appeals

673 S.E.2d 606

296 Ga. App. 89

WILLINGHAM v. The STATE.

No. A08A2137.

Court of Appeals of Georgia.

February 13, 2009.

Kenneth D. Kondritzer, for appellant.

Paul L. Howard, Jr., District Attorney, Stephany J. Luttrell, Assistant District Attorney, for appellee.

BERNES, Judge.

The jury found George Willingham guilty of possession of marijuana, and the trial court denied his motion for new trial. On appeal, Willingham contends that there was insufficient evidence that the substance at issue was marijuana. We disagree and affirm.

On appeal from a criminal conviction, this court views the evidence in the light most favorable to the verdict, and the defendant no longer enjoys a presumption of innocence. This court neither weighs the evidence nor judges the credibility of witnesses, but only determines whether the evidence presented at trial was sufficient for a rational trier of fact to find the defendant guilty of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt. Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 99 S.Ct. 2781, 61 L.Ed.2d 560 (1979).

(Citation omitted.) Johnson v. State, 289 Ga.App. 206, 656 S.E.2d 861 (2008).

So viewed, the evidence showed that Jabari Gibbs and Marquiese Pierce were best friends who had sold drugs together for many years. On February 9, 2006, Gibbs was driving Pierce around in a rental car while Pierce negotiated the acquisition and sale of ten pounds of marijuana. Gibbs then drove Pierce to a pickup location in the City of Atlanta where they acquired the drugs. The marijuana was packaged "pound for pound," in ten separate one-pound packages, and was distributed to Gibbs and Pierce in two garbage bags weighing five pounds each.

After acquiring the marijuana, Gibbs drove Pierce to a restaurant located in Fulton County, where they planned to sell the drugs to an individual known as "Black." Gibbs drove into a parking space in the back of the restaurant, and appellant drove up and parked to the right of Gibbs. Gibbs recognized appellant because he had sold drugs to him on many prior occasions. In the vehicle with appellant were Black and another unidentified occupant. Black exited appellant's vehicle and got into the rental car with Gibbs and Pierce, after which Black and Pierce finalized the terms of the drug sale. As part of their negotiations, Pierce allowed Black to take one pound of the marijuana as a sample for appellant and the other occupant to see. Gibbs then exited the rental car and went inside the restaurant to get some food.

After Gibbs entered the restaurant, a person ran inside yelling that someone had been shot. Gibbs looked outside and saw appellant, Black, and the third unidentified occupant from appellant's vehicle grabbing the bags of marijuana out of the rental car. The three then ran from the rental car to appellant's vehicle. Gibbs saw that appellant was carrying bags of the marijuana. Appellant, Black, and the third occupant then drove away. Gibbs ran outside to the rental car and saw that Pierce had been fatally shot. Two of the bags of marijuana remained in the rental car.

Appellant was arrested, indicted, and tried for multiple offenses relating to the shooting and drug deal. At trial, appellant did not challenge Gibbs's contention that the substance in the bags was marijuana or that a drug deal had been transpiring at the time of the shooting; instead, he raised an alibi defense and attacked Gibbs's credibility given his history as a drug dealer and his participation in the drug deal in question. After hearing the evidence, the jury acquitted appellant of all the offenses except possession of marijuana. This appeal followed the denial of appellant's motion for new trial.

Appellant now contends that there was no competent evidence that the substance in the bags was marijuana because there was no expert testimony identifying the substance as marijuana, no crime lab report, and no contraband introduced into evidence by the state. According to appellant, the sole evidence that the substance was marijuana came from the testimony of Gibbs, which appellant claims was hearsay. In this respect, appellant asserts that Gibbs never actually saw the marijuana but instead relied on statements made to him by Pierce concerning what was in the bags. We are unpersuaded.

Although it is the better practice to do so, the state is not required in drug possession cases to present expert testimony scientifically identifying the substance or to introduce the drugs into evidence. See Chancey v. State, 256 Ga. 415, 421(1)(c), 349 S.E.2d 717 (1986); Burroughs v. State, 190 Ga.App. 467, 470(1)(b), 379 S.E.2d 175 (1989). And, contrary to appellant's contention, there was competent testimony from Gibbs that the substance in the bags was marijuana.

On direct examination, Gibbs, an admitted drug dealer, testified without objection that he along with Pierce picked up ten, one-pound bags of marijuana for sale on the day of the incident, and that he subsequently saw appellant grabbing and running off with some of the bags. "Where a witness testifies to a conclusion of fact which could be within his knowledge and such testimony is admitted without objection, it cannot be attacked on review as being incompetent or insufficient." (Citation omitted.) Johnson v. Woodward Lumber Co., 76 Ga.App. 152, 153(1), 45 S.E.2d 294 (1947). See Maness v. State, 265 Ga.App. 239, 241(1), 593 S.E.2d 698 (2004) (defendant waived claim that testimony...