In re DeBaun, Appeal No. 82-530.
Decision Date | 27 August 1982 |
Docket Number | Appeal No. 82-530. |
Parties | In re Kenneth W. DeBAUN. |
Court | U.S. Court of Customs and Patent Appeals (CCPA) |
Ernest M. Anderson, San Francisco, Cal., for appellant.
Joseph F. Nakamura, Sol., Henry W. Tarring, II, Associate Sol., Washington, D. C., for Patent and Trademark Office.
Before MARKEY, Chief Judge, and RICH, BALDWIN, MILLER and NIES, Judges.
This appeal is from the decision of the Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) Board of Appeals (board) sustaining the rejection of claims 9 and 10 in application Serial No. 952,695 for reissue of Patent No. 3,964,519 filed November 18, 1974, for "Fluid Velocity Equalizing Apparatus." The rejection was for obviousness under 35 U.S.C. § 1031 in view of a disclosure in a patent issued to appellant and Noll less than one year prior to November 18, 1974. The board held that the reference may be used against appellant. We reverse.
The invention "relates generally to apparatus for conditioning the flow pattern of fluids flowing in conduits ... particularly ... for equalizing the velocity profile of fluid flowing in a conduit." The invention is stated to be "useful in the type of apparatus disclosed in U. S. Patent 3,842,678 issued to Kenneth W. DeBaun and Robert W. Noll on October 22, 1974." The DeBaun and Noll patent ('678 patent) filed June 1, 1973, is the sole reference forming the basis of the examiner's rejection.
The claims of the present application are directed specifically to the "equalizer honeycomb section 4."2 Claim 9 is representative.
9. Apparatus for equalizing the velocity of flowing fluid including duct means defining a flowing stream of fluid; at least one open-ended honeycomb equalizing section substantially coaxial with said duct means, intercepting and conducting the fluid therethrough, said honeycomb section having a plurality of parallel passages across substantially the entire duct cross-section wherein the ratio of surface area of each passage to the cross-sectional area of each passage is at least 30 and the end of the honeycomb facing the stream of fluid is curved to flatten the velocity profile of the stream. Emphasis ours.
The examiner rejected the claims under 35 U.S.C. § 103 in view of the '678 patent. The '678 patent and the subject application disclose an identical passageway with an equalizer honeycomb section but the '678 patent neither describes nor claims the equalizer honeycomb section's ratio of surface area to cross-sectional area. Further, the reference claims a complete air sampling system including the passageway containing the basic equalizer honeycomb section as shown above while appellant claims only the passageway containing the improved equalizer honeycomb section.
Appellant concedes that the equalizer honeycomb section of the '678 patent is "essentially constructed in accordance with applicant's invention." He further concedes, for purposes of appeal, that the relationship of surface area to cross-sectional area is "part of the teaching of the '678 patent or would be obvious in view thereof."
To overcome the rejection, the examiner required that appellant file an affidavit under Rule 1313 and an affidavit by Noll disclaiming inventorship of the basic equalizer honeycomb section.
No affidavit by Noll was submitted to comply with the examiner's requirement. Instead, appellant's attorney filed a declaration stating, inter alia, that "he is informed and believes" that Noll's whereabouts are not known to Air Monitor Corporation.4 Noll was an employee of Air Monitor Corp. at the time the application for the '678 patent was filed but has since left its employ.
Appellant also filed the following declaration:
The examiner maintained the rejection, concluding that appellant's declaration was insufficient under Rule 131 to overcome the reference.
The board sustained the § 103 rejection. While agreeing with appellant that Noll's disclaimer should not be required, the board concluded:
we do not find that the declarations are sufficient to show that the appellant is solely the inventor of the subject matter claimed by this application.
On rehearing, the board rephrased its conclusion:
We are still of the opinion that the declarations on file are not sufficient to show that the appellant is the inventor of the subject matter claimed by this application as necessary to overcome a Section 103 rejection based upon the earlier patent.OPINION
We agree with the examiner and the board that appellant could overcome, or "antedate," the '678 patent with a proper Rule 131 declaration. In re Facius, 56 CCPA 1348, 1355, 408 F.2d 1396, 1404, 161 USPQ 294, 300 (1969). We also agree that the declarations herein are insufficient under Rule 131 as they fail to allege facts showing the necessary diligence and/or reduction to practice of the invention now claimed.6 See In re Harry, 51 CCPA 1541, 333 F.2d 920, 142 USPQ 164 (1964). However, the examiner erred in concluding that a Rule 131 affidavit is the only way of overcoming the rejection made in this case. See, e.g., In re Land, 54 CCPA 806, 825, 368 F.2d 866, 879-80, 151 USPQ 621, 633 n. 11 (1966).
In In re Katz, 687 F.2d 450 (Cust. & Pat.App. 1982) issued concurrently, we have reaffirmed that an applicant's own work, even though publicly disclosed prior to his application, may not be used against him as a reference, absent the existence of a time bar to his application.
Thus, the '678 patent to appellant and Noll, having issued less than one year before the filing date of appellant's original '519 patent application, is only available as a reference if the pertinent disclosure is not the sole work of appellant. As in Katz, supra, the specific issue raised by this appeal is an evidentiary one.
While the board recognized that the declarations filed herein under Rule 1327 must be considered, see Facius, 56 CCPA supra at 1352, 408 F.2d at 1402, 161 USPQ at 297 n.4, the board did not, in our view, focus on the significant question.
The board tested the declarations to determine whether they supported appellant's assertion of inventorship of the improved equalizer honeycomb section here claimed. That was error.
The proper subject of inquiry was ... what the evidence showed as to who invented the subject matter disclosed by the reference which was relied on to support the rejection. In re Land, 54 CCPA at 825, 368 F.2d at 879-80, 151 USPQ at 633 n.11 (emphasis in original).
The only question raised by the rejection is whether appellant invented the relevant disclosure in the '678 patent.
The '678 patent is silent with respect to who invented the basic equalizer honeycomb section itself, and we do not presume that it is the invention of appellant and Noll jointly or of either of them.
The existence of combination claims does not evidence inventorship by the patentee of the individual elements or sub-combinations thereof if the latter are not separately claimed apart from the combination. It is clear that the inventor of a combination may not have invented any element of that combination, much less each of the...
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