Dinwiddie v. Board of County Com'rs of Lea County
| Decision Date | 12 November 1985 |
| Docket Number | No. 15808,15808 |
| Parties | W.D. DINWIDDIE, Joe Lewis and Tom Kennan, Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. The BOARD OF COUNTY COMMISSIONERS OF LEA COUNTY, W.H. Brininstool, Ernest McNutt, and Billy W. Johnson, Commissioners; Stern Brothers and Company, and Pat Snipes, County Clerk of Lea County, New Mexico, Defendants-Appellees. |
| Court | New Mexico Supreme Court |
Plaintiffs-appellants W.D. Dinwiddie, Joe Lewis and Tom Kennan (plaintiffs), filed in the District Court of Lea County a "Petition for Declaratory Judgment Invalidating the Special Election of September 18, 1984, and Disallowing Certain Invalid Ballots Cast at Said Election." They alleged that a bond election called by the Board of County Commissioners of Lea County (Board), for the construction of a cultural center was held in violation of the statutory provisions for the consolidation of precincts and that certain ballots were cast by persons invalidly registered in Lea County. The Board, the Commissioners of the Board, individually, and Pat Snipes, County Clerk of Lea County, defendants-appellees (defendants), filed a motion to dismiss. The trial court dismissed plaintiffs' complaint with prejudice, and plaintiffs appeal. We affirm.
The trial court determined that plaintiffs' unverified complaint violated the requirements of NMSA 1978, Section 1-14-3 (Repl.1985) regarding verification of a complaint in an election contest; that it lacked essential averments concerning the outcome of the election; and that it failed to state a claim for relief.
The sole issue we address on appeal is whether the statutory provisions concerning election contests and recounts, NMSA 1978, Sections 1-14-1 to -21 (Repl.1985), and in particular Section 1-14-3, apply to a petition which contests the validity of a special bond election for the construction of a cultural facility. We do not address the other issues raised by plaintiffs because we find this issue dispositive.
Plaintiffs contend that the contest and recount provisions are applicable only to contests of elections of candidates for public office. They argue that because these provisions are primarily addressed to a "candidate" or "party," they do not apply to bond elections and that Section 1-14-1 gives standing to file an election contest only to an "unsuccessful candidate." We determine that these provisions are not so limited in scope.
NMSA 1978, Section 1-1-19 (Repl.1985) provides:
1-1-19. Elections covered by code.
A. The Election Code [this chapter] applies to the following:
(1) general elections;
(2) primary elections;
(3) statewide special elections;
(4) elections to fill vacancies in the office of representatives in congress; and
(5) school district elections.
B. To the extent procedures are incorporated or adopted by reference by separate laws governing such elections or to the extent procedures are not specified by such laws, certain provisions of the Election Code shall also apply to:
(1) municipal officer or municipal bond elections; or
(2) special district officer or special district bond or other special district elections. (Emphasis added.)
Thus, the Election Code, Chapter 1 NMSA 1978, applies to special district bond elections when the Code procedures are incorporated by reference in the separate laws governing such elections.
The separate laws governing bond elections for cultural facilities are found in NMSA 1978, Sections 4-49-1 to -21 (Repl.Pamp.1984 and Supp.1985). Section 4-49-7 (Supp.1985) authorizes the issuance of general obligation bonds for cultural facilities. NMSA 1978, Section 4-49-8 (Supp.1985) sets forth the requirements for the bond elections and states in pertinent part: "Except as provided in Chapter 4, Article 49 NMSA 1978, such elections shall be held and conducted in the same manner as general elections, including recount and contest * * * * " (Emphasis added.) Article 49 contains no separate recount or contest provisions. In addition, NMSA 1978, Section 4-49-10 (Repl.Pamp.1984) provides that all such bond elections shall be "in all respects governed by, and the result declared according to, the rules and regulations provided by law for holding ordinary or general elections." The Election Code's provisions, including those for recount and contest, therefore, do apply to special bond elections for cultural facilities, since they are specifically incorporated by reference by the laws governing such elections.
Plaintiffs claim that their complaint contained two causes of action: the first, a challenge to the validity of the election itself; and the second, a challenge to the results. They argue that should the contest and recount statutes of the Election Code apply to the second cause of action, the first cause of action is still "outside" the Code and not affected. We do not agree with this distinction. A challenge to the validity of an election is also a challenge to its result, for if it is successful, the result is changed. Similarly, a challenge to the result contests the inherent validity of the election. Both seek to alter the certified result of the election. An election is a process, not a single event, and the whole process or any part of it, may be subject to contest. See generally 26 Am.Jur.2d Elections Sec. 321 (1966).
The appellants in Hartley v. Board of County Commissioners, 62 N.M. 281, 308 P.2d 994 (1957), also argued that the proceeding brought by them, challenging an election, was not an election contest because they had alleged fraud and impairment of property rights. The Hartley Court stated: "Although the action may be denominated an equitable proceeding, its character remains unchanged, an action to contest an election." Id. at 283, 308 P.2d at 995. Likewise in the present case, we determine that the character of both causes of action, whether directed to the validity or the result of the election, is that of an election contest.
The right to contest an election is entirely statutory; such a proceeding was unknown at common law. Montoya v. McManus, 68 N.M. 381, 362 P.2d 771 (1961); Crist v. Abbott, 22 N.M. 417, 163 P. 1085 (1917). The statutory provisions for an election contest must be strictly followed. Montoya v. McManus. One has the right to contest an election only in the manner and to the extent prescribed by statute. Id.; State ex rel. Denton v. Vinyard, 55 N.M. 205, 230 P.2d 238 (1951). This Court has long recognized that an election contest may not be brought absent statutory authority. In Montoya v. Gurule, 39 N.M. 42, 38...
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