Simmons v. Lyons

• Decision Date: 12 November 1984
• Docket Number: No. 84-3302,84-3302
• Citation: 746 F.2d 265
• Parties: 36 Fair Empl.Prac.Cas. 410, 35 Empl. Prac. Dec. P 34,769 Jean SIMMONS, et al., Plaintiff-Appellants, v. Robert LYONS, Individually and as Sheriff of Washington Parish, Defendant-Appellee.
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — Fifth Circuit

Page 265

746 F.2d 265

36 Fair Empl.Prac.Cas. 410,

35 Empl. Prac. Dec. P 34,769

Jean SIMMONS, et al., Plaintiff-Appellants, v. Robert LYONS, Individually and as Sheriff of Washington

Parish, Defendant-Appellee.

No. 84-3302.

United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit.

Nov. 12, 1984.

Richard A. Schwartz, Simpson & Schwartz, Amite, La., Ronald Penton, Bogalusa, La., for plaintiff-appellants.

Reuter & Reuter, Normand F. Pizza, New Orleans, La., for defendant-appellee.

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana.

Before RUBIN, RANDALL, and TATE, Circuit Judges.

TATE, Circuit Judge:

The plaintiffs, ten deputies or employees of a defeated sheriff, sue the successor sheriff for the latter's failure to re-appoint them when the new sheriff's term commenced. The plaintiffs' suit, grounded on 42 U.S.C. Sec. 1983, alleges that, in violation of their First Amendment rights, they were denied re-appointment because of their political support of the predecessor sheriff. The two female plaintiffs additionally allege that they were denied equal employment opportunity because of gender discrimination, in violation of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, 42 U.S.C. Sec. 2000e et seq.

The plaintiffs suit was dismissed by summary judgment. They appeal, urging that disputed issues of material fact preclude summary judgment. Finding that, under the uncontradicted factual showing and McBee v. Jim Hogg County, Texas, 730 F.2d 1009 (5th Cir.1984), the new sheriff's failure to reappoint the plaintiffs was not founded on their political activities or expression, we affirm the dismissal of the Sec. 1983 civil rights suit. However, finding that disputed issues of sexual harassment preclude summary judgment as to the Title VII claim of the two female plaintiffs, we reverse and remand as to this claim.

The skeletal facts revealed by the pleadings and factual showings are these: The ten plaintiffs had been appointed or employed by the (then) incumbent Washington Parish Sheriff Willie J. Blair, and they actively supported him in his unsuccessful campaign for re-election ending in late 1979. Sheriff Blair was defeated by Robert Lyons, the defendant in this action. When Sheriff Lyons took office on June 1 1980, he did not re-appoint any of the ten plaintiffs to his staff.

(1) The Sec. 1983 Action

The plaintiffs contend that Lyons' failure to reappoint them was based upon their exercise of their First and Fourteenth Amendment rights, in that the failure to do so was based upon their political support and expression of their beliefs in favor of Lyons' electoral opponent, the defeated sheriff. On the basis of affidavits submitted both by them and by Lyons, and of certain documentary exhibits (employment applications) produced by Lyons in response to a request therefor, the district court granted the defendant Lyons' motion for summary judgment and dismissed the plaintiffs' Sec. 1983 action.

A grant of summary judgment is appropriate only where it appears from the pleadings, depositions, admission, answers to interrogatories, and affidavits--considered in the light most favorable to the opposing party--that there is "no genuine issue as to any material fact and that the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law." Williams v. Shell Oil Company, 677 F.2d 506, 509 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 459 U.S. 1087, 103 S.Ct. 570, 74 L.Ed.2d 933 (1982), quoting, Fed.R.Civ.P. 56(c). Any doubt as to the existence of a material fact is to be resolved against the moving party. Id.; Murphy v. Georgia-Pacific Corporation, 628 F.2d 862, 866 (5th Cir.1980).

We agree with the district court that the defendant Lyons met this heavy burden upon a movant for summary judgment and that, therefore, the plaintiffs' Sec. 1983 action was properly dismissed.

In support of his motion for summary judgment, the defendant Lyons averred by his two affidavits:

When he took office on July 1, 1980, none of the plaintiffs was employed by the sheriff's office. ¹ He considered for employment only those persons who submitted applications for employment, and he made his appointments on the basis of the review of those applications. Eight of the plaintiffs had never applied or even contacted Lyons for appointment, and none of them were told by Lyons that he would not hire them and that they should not submit an application, nor had he told anyone else that he would not hire them or that they should not submit an application. Another of the plaintiffs (Crain) contacted Lyons, and Lyons told him that his chances of getting a job were slim, but that it was possible, and that he should submit an application; this plaintiff likewise failed to submit an application, and therefore he was not considered for appointment. The tenth plaintiff (Miller) did apply, but was not hired, on the basis of comments of people in the area and from personal knowledge, because Lyons thought he was not suitable for the job. ²

In addition, the defendant Lyons relies upon documentary exhibits, which include some 200 written applications to him for employment, mostly in March and April of 1980, from among which he selected his appointees as deputies and employees. Further, the affidavit of at least one of the plaintiffs (Jean Simmons) indicates that at least some of former Sheriff Blair's staff were re-appointed by Lyons when he took office on June 1, 1980.

The affidavits of the ten plaintiffs do not contest these averments by Lyons. Instead, they rely upon the averments of their affidavits, which show:

No previous sheriff had required written applications for making an appointment. They ³ were never contacted by Sheriff-Elect Lyons to see if they were interested in employment, and they never received official word that they should apply if they wished appointment (although some of the affidavits indicate knowledge from street talk or other information that applications were being taken and that conferences were being held by Lyons with prospective appointees). Their "understanding" was that anyone who had actively supported the defeated sheriff would not be employed by Lyons, as a result of which they did not apply for re-appointment by Lyons. ⁴

In addition, three of the plaintiffs--who had been the Chief Deputy, Chief Criminal Deputy, and Chief Civil Deputy in the prior sheriff's administration--averred that they felt it would have been futile to apply, since articles published in the local newspaper on March 21 and March 23, 1980, gave the names of Lyons' prospective appointees for these chief positions in this new sheriff's administration. The plaintiffs were not, apparently, interested in employment by Lyons in any position in his administration other than those they had held in his predecessor's, or at least they did not apply or inquire as to this possibility.

In summary, then, nine of the ten plaintiffs who were not re-appointed by the successor Sheriff Lyons when he took office on July 1, 1980, had never applied for re-appointment. The uncontradicted showing, in part supported also by some of the plaintiffs' affidavits, is to the effect that Lyons made his appointments only from a screening of the 200 written applications he had received, and that at least some of the former sheriff's personnel received re-appointments from Lyons through this process. The plaintiffs were never discouraged from applying or told that they should not apply; the one plaintiff who did inquire was told to apply, but he failed to do so. Their affidavits generally indicate that they failed to apply because of their "understanding" that the former sheriff's personnel would not be considered if they had actively supported his unsuccessful re-election bid, but their affidavits do not aver a factual basis for this "understanding" that reflect that it was based upon actions or statements by Lyons or by anyone who had been so informed by Lyons or by anyone in a position to impart this knowledge of Lyons' attitude.

As to these nine plaintiffs who failed to apply for re-appointment, the ruling in McBee v. Jim Hogg County, Texas, 730 F.2d 1009 (5th Cir.1984) (en banc), requires rejection of their Sec. 1983 claims. We there stated:

Although the fact that the deputies were terminated by a 'failure to rehire' rather than a 'dismissal' is irrelevant to the question of whether they were impermissibly terminated for exercising First Amendment rights, the failure of these deputies to request rehire does raise a more basic question: Were they applicants for the job? Put another way, must a new sheriff consider for appointed positions ex-employees who do not seek reinstatement? The First Amendment imposes no such obligation.

Id. at 1015.

Under McBee 's rationale, thus, Sheriff Lyons had no duty to consider hiring any of his predecessor's deputies, unless they had applied for reappointment. The fact that Lyons had selected three of his chief deputies before he took office is irrelevant. These nine plaintiffs' failure even to apply for reappointment was, under McBee, sufficient reason for Lyons not to re-appoint them, and, further, is fatal to their Sec. 1983 claim that Lyons' failure to re-appoint them was grounded upon their First Amendment-protected political activity and expression on behalf of Lyons' defeated opponent.

The remaining plaintiff, Miller, did submit an application for continued employment with Lyons, the new sheriff. As earlier noted, Lyons' affidavit averred legitimate, non-retaliatory reasons for failing to rehire Miller. Miller's total claim that Lyons violated his political and civil rights by failing to reappoint him is: "I was told on numerous occasions that anyone who got out and supported Sheriff Blair was not going to get re-hired." This averment, like those of the other affidavits, is devoid of an allegation that the defendant Lyons himself directly or indirectly through others so stated, or that Lyons failed to re-appoint Miller for...