Benitez-Mendez v. I.N.S.

• Decision Date: 15 May 1985
• Docket Number: P,No. 82-7096,BENITEZ-MENDE,82-7096
• Citation: 760 F.2d 907
• Parties: Eleuterioetitioner, v. IMMIGRATION AND NATURALIZATION SERVICE, Respondent.
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — Ninth Circuit

Page 907

760 F.2d 907

Eleuterio BENITEZ-MENDEZ, Petitioner, v. IMMIGRATION AND NATURALIZATION SERVICE, Respondent.

No. 82-7096.

United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit.

Argued Jan. 3, 1983.

Submitted May 4, 1983.

Decided June 10, 1983.

Amended Nov. 28, 1984.

Amended May 15, 1985.

Richard Evans, Dept. of Justice, Washington, D.C., for respondent.

Paul D. Edmondson, Yakima, Wash., for petitioner.

SECOND AMENDED OPINION

Appeal of an Order of the Board of Immigration Appeals.

Before BROWNING, Chief Judge, FLETCHER and PREGERSON, Circuit Judges.

PREGERSON, Circuit Judge:

The amended opinion filed November 28, 1984, 752 F.2d 1309 (9th Cir.), is amended to read as follows: Petitioner Benitez-Mendez seeks review of a decision of an immigration judge, affirmed by the Board of Immigration Appeals, finding petitioner deportable under 8 U.S.C. Sec. 1251(a)(2) for entry without inspection. This court has jurisdiction under 8 U.S.C. Sec. 1105a(a).

Petitioner was arrested by Border Patrol officers on April 13, 1981, while he was standing in a hop field near Granger, Washington. He had been working the field with a group of workers who fled when three marked Border Patrol vehicles approached the field. Petitioner did not run but remained standing in the field. A Border Patrol officer approached and questioned petitioner, who told the officer that he had papers in his car which showed his legal alien status. Petitioner was then detained in a Border Patrol vehicle while the officers examined his papers.

After the officers determined that the papers did not establish that petitioner was legally in the country, petitioner was arrested and taken to the Border Patrol office. At the office, he told the arresting officer that he was born in Mexico and that he had entered the United States near San Ysidro without an immigration inspection. The arresting officer wrote this information on a Form I-213 (Record of Deportable Alien). At his deportation hearing on May 21, 1981, petitioner denied the allegations in the Order to Show Cause, denied deportability, and unsuccessfully moved to suppress the information contained on the Form I-213.

Petitioner contends that he was unlawfully seized within the meaning of the Fourth Amendment, and that, therefore, the information obtained by the Border Patrol and used at the deportation hearing should have been excluded as the "fruit of an unlawful seizure."

This court's test to determine whether the factual circumstances of law enforcement activity rise to the level of a seizure under the Fourth Amendment is found in United States v. Anderson, 663 F.2d 934 (9th Cir.1981):

"[A] person has been 'seized' within the meaning of the Fourth Amendment only if, in view of all of the circumstances surrounding the incident, a reasonable person would have believed that he was not free to leave. Examples of circumstances that might indicate a seizure, even where the person did not attempt to leave, would be the threatening presence of several officers, the display of a weapon by an officer, some physical touching of the person of the citizen, or the use of language or tone of voice indicating that compliance with the officer's request might be compelled."

Id. at 939 (quoting United States v. Mendenhall, 446 U.S. 544, 554, 100 S.Ct. 1870, 1877, 64 L.Ed.2d 497 (1980) (opinion of Stewart, J.). When the stop in question rises to the level of a "seizure" under the Fourth Amendment, INS investigators may not detain workers for citizenship status questioning unless the investigators are able to articulate objective facts providing them with a reasonable suspicion that each questioned person, so detained, is an alien illegally in this country. See the discussion of the appropriate constitutional standard in ILGWU v. Sureck, 681 F.2d 624, 634-43 (9th Cir.1982), rev'd on other grounds sub nom. INS v. Delgado, --- U.S. ----, 104 S.Ct. 1758, 80 L.Ed.2d 247, vacated, 736 F.2d 1340 (9th Cir.1984). ¹

From the record, it does not appear that the Border Patrol officer's initial encounter with petitioner amounted to a seizure under the Anderson test. The officer approached petitioner in an open field and asked him several questions to which he responded voluntarily. There is no evidence of the use of physical force, a display of a weapon, or the threatening presence of several officers.

However, following the initial questioning during which petitioner stated that he had immigration documents in his car, the Border Patrol officer took petitioner to the Border Patrol vehicle and put him inside to wait until other officers could check his papers. We find that the placing of petitioner in the Border Patrol vehicle was a seizure under the Anderson test. Border Patrol Agent Minyard testified that he directed a second Border Patrol officer, Agent Stinsley, to keep petitioner in the...