U.S. v. Ruff, 93-5332

• Citation: 79 F.3d 123
• Decision Date: 29 March 1996
• Docket Number: No. 93-5332,93-5332
• Parties: UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. John RUFF, Jr., III, Defendant-Appellant. Non-Argument Calendar. United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit
• Court: United States Courts of Appeals. United States Court of Appeals (11th Circuit)

Page 123

79 F.3d 123

UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. John RUFF, Jr., III, Defendant-Appellant.

No. 93-5332

Non-Argument Calendar.

United States Court of Appeals,

Eleventh Circuit.

March 29, 1996.

Philip R. Horowitz, Law Office of Philip R. Horowitz, Miami, FL, for Appellant.

Kendall Coffey, U.S. Attorney, Miami, FL, Linda Collins Hertz, Harriett R. Galvin, Susan H. Ponzoli, Nancy Vorpe Quinlan, Asst. U.S. Attys., West Palm Beach, FL, for Appellee.

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida.

Before KRAVITCH, ANDERSON and BIRCH, Circuit Judges.

PER CURIAM:

John Ruff appeals his sentence on the ground that the district court erred in enhancing his sentence for obstruction of justice. The district court had increased Ruff's sentence because he had deliberately lied to a magistrate judge about his financial assets at a pretrial hearing. We affirm.

I.

Ruff was arrested by agents of the Drug Enforcement Administration ("DEA"), and a grand jury returned a four count superseding indictment charging him with the following: 1) conspiracy to possess and distribute cocaine hydrochloride with intent to manufacture cocaine base, in violation of 21 U.S.C. §§ 841(a)(1) and 846; 2) possession of cocaine hydrochloride with intent to distribute cocaine, in violation of 21 U.S.C. § 841(a)(1) and 18 U.S.C. § 2; 3) knowing use of a firearm in commission of a drug trafficking crime, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 924(c); and 4) illegal possession of a firearm in violation of 18 U.S.C. §§ 922(g)(1) and 924(a)(2).

Ruff initially appeared before Magistrate Barry S. Seltzer on April 15, 1993 to request a court appointed attorney. Prior to questioning Ruff about his financial situation, the magistrate cautioned Ruff that his statements were given under oath and subject to the penalties of perjury. In response to the magistrate's questions, Ruff specifically stated that he had no bank accounts or safe deposit boxes. ¹ The magistrate found Ruff to be indigent and appointed an assistant federal defender to represent him. At Ruff's request, the detention hearing was deferred until April 19, 1993, and Ruff secured private counsel prior to that hearing.

Shortly after Ruff's initial appearance, Nicolas Kent, the DEA case agent, investigated a key which was found in Ruff's wallet upon arrest. Three keys also were found in the wallet of Ruff's father, who was arrested at the same time as Ruff, and one of them matched Ruff's key. Kent tracked the three keys to one safety deposit box at First Union Bank and two boxes at Barnett Bank. Ruff and his father had co-leased each of the three boxes, and bank visitation records indicated that both Ruff and his father had visited each of the boxes. The First Union safety deposit box contained $25,000 in cash. One of the Barnett Bank boxes held $12,015 and an envelope containing 2.5 grams of crack cocaine; the second box contained $660. Visitation records also showed that Ruff had been the last person to enter both of the Barnett boxes.

After lengthy negotiations, Ruff entered into a plea agreement with the government in which he pleaded guilty to counts two and three of the indictment in exchange for the dismissal of counts one and four. A presentence investigation report was prepared, and Ruff objected to the recommended two level enhancement for obstruction of justice for lying about his financial assets to a magistrate judge. At the sentencing hearing, the district court overruled the objection based on its finding that Ruff made a "deliberate false statement." The court also dismissed Ruff's claim that he did not know that he owned the account because the bank records clearly established that his name was on the papers when the box was opened and that he used the box frequently. His frequent use of the boxes also indicated that he knew the contents. Ruff filed a timely appeal in this court solely contesting the enhancement of his sentence for obstruction of justice.

II.

The district court is required to make specific findings of fact when enhancing a sentence based on obstruction of justice. United States v. Alpert, 28 F.3d 1104, 1106 (11th Cir.1994). This court reviews those findings of facts for clear error. The district court's application of the sentencing guidelines to the facts, however, is subject to de novo review. United States v. Bagwell, 30 F.3d 1454 (11th Cir.1994).

Section 3C1.1 of the Sentencing Guidelines provides that a defendant's offense level can be increased by two levels "[i]f the defendant willfully obstructed or impeded, or attempted to obstruct or impede, the administration of justice during the investigation, prosecution, or sentencing of the instant offense." According to the commentary to § 3C1.1, such conduct includes "providing materially false information to a judge or magistrate." U.S.S.G. § 3C1.1, comment. (n. 3(f)). The commentary further defines a material statement as one "that, if believed, would tend to influence or affect the issue under determination." Id. at (n. 5).

Ruff does not dispute the district court's finding that he provided false information to a magistrate judge, but instead contends that the misrepresentation was not material. First, he notes that it did not take place at trial or during a critical pretrial hearing such as a motion to suppress. Second, he argues that the public defender service did not perform any legal services on his behalf because he hired private counsel shortly after the public defender was appointed to assist him. Finally, Ruff suggests that his statement did not impede the investigation because Agent Kent had the safe deposit keys in his possession at the time of Ruff's statement and was able to find the cash and drugs.

We are unpersuaded by any of these arguments. We have found no authority, and Ruff does not cite any, limiting the materiality inquiry to particular proceedings. The guideline simply states that the defendant must have obstructed or attempted to impede justice during the investigation, prosecution or sentencing of the instant offense. U.S.S.G. § 3C1.1. The pretrial hearing in this case took place in the midst of the investigation...