Grambs v. City of Birmingham

• Citation: 80 So. 874,202 Ala. 490
• Decision Date: 13 February 1919
• Docket Number: 6 Div. 836
• Parties: GRAMBS v. CITY OF BIRMINGHAM.
• Court: Supreme Court of Alabama

80 So. 874

202 Ala. 490

GRAMBS v. CITY OF BIRMINGHAM.

6 Div. 836

Supreme Court of Alabama

February 13, 1919

Appeal from Circuit Court, Jefferson County; John H. Miller, Judge.

Suit by Fannie Leola Grambs against the City of Birmingham. From a judgment for defendant, plaintiff appeals. Affirmed.

Beddow & Oberdorfer, of Birmingham, for appellant.

Fred G Moore, of Birmingham, for appellee.

SAYRE J.

Appellant sued the city of Birmingham for damages, alleging that she had received injuries by reason of stepping into a hole negligently allowed to remain in a street of the city. The trial court sustained a demurrer to each of the five counts of the complaint, whereupon, plaintiff declining to plead further, judgment went for defendant.

The complaint averred that "before the filing of this suit on, to wit, the 21st day of September, 1917, a sworn statement was filed with the clerk of the city of Birmingham by the plaintiff, stating substantially the manner in which the injury was received, and the day and the time and the place where the accident occurred, and the damage claimed." It will be observed that this declaration followed the language of section 1275 of the Code. But section 12 of the act "to further provide for the organization, government and regulation of cities which now have or which may hereafter have a population of as much as one hundred thousand people according to the last federal census," etc., not by reference, but as an original proposition, in general effect, re-enacted section 1275 of the Code, with some changes, however, and along with the rest added the requirement that the sworn statement to be filed with the city clerk should state "the street and house number where the party injured resides." Acts 1915, p. 294 et seq. Plaintiff, in framing her complaint, failed to take account of this addition to the statute law, and the demurrer aptly pointed out this fact.

It is now stated that section 12, supra, violates section 45 of the Constitution, in that it contains two subjects, or, if one only, the one is not clearly expressed in the title. This proposition of the brief is not argued, and we think it may be properly disposed of by reference to so much of the title as we have quoted above and a citation of one or two of our cases. Brannan v. Henry, 175 Ala. 454, 57 So. 967; Bell v. State, 115 Ala. 87, 22 So. 453.

It is also contended that the act violates that part of section 45 of the Constitution reading as follows:

"No law shall be *** amended *** by reference to its title only; but so much thereof as is *** amended *** shall be re-enacted and published at length."

The act in question is not of an amendatory character. It is in itself complete, and original in form, and affects section 1275 of the Code by implication only. It was long ago decided that the Constitution did not intend that every law which affects some previous statute of variant provisions on the same subject should set out the statute so affected. If this were so, it would be impossible to legislate. Walker, C.J., in Ex parte Pollard, 40 Ala. 100; Ex parte Thomas, 113 Ala. 6, 21 So. 369.

Municipal liability in cases of this sort arises by necessary implication from legislative enactments on the subject of municipal power and authority over streets. Bessemer v. Whaley, 187 Ala. 525, 65 So. 542. With this premise, we may answer the assertion that section 12 of the act of 1915, supra, is invalid because it imposes unreasonable restraints upon litigants, by quoting the language of Judge Dillon:

"Statutes requiring the presentation of notice of claim to designated municipal or public authorities before any action shall be brought and within a specified period after the cause of action may have accrued have often been sustained as valid enactments in the case of claims growing out of torts on the ground that the liability of the municipality for tortious claims is only statutory in its origin, and the Legislature may attach such conditions to the right to recover from the municipality for the tort as it deems proper or expedient." 4 Mun.Corp. (5th Ed.) § 1613; Collins v. Spokane, 64 Wash. 153, 116 P. 663, 35 L.R.A. (N.S.) 840.

This appears to have been recognized by this court in Barrett v. City of Mobile, 129 Ala. 179, 30 So. 36, 87 Am.St.Rep. 54.

Finally, it is urged that the statement to be filed with the city clerk may be waived, and, therefore, that the complaint was not demurrable for its failure to allege the filing of a statement in compliance with the statute in all respects, or, in any event, that the facts alleged in some of the counts sufficiently showed a waiver. Technical accuracy in the statement is not required (McKinnon v. Birmingham, 196 Ala. 56, 71 So. 463); but statutory prescriptions of this character are generally...