Petition of M/V Sunshine, II, 85-3968

• Citation: 808 F.2d 762
• Decision Date: 23 January 1987
• Docket Number: No. 85-3968,85-3968
• Parties: In the Matter of the Petition of the M/V SUNSHINE, II, Petitioner, and Robert W. WHITAKER, for exoneration from or limitation of liability, Petitioner-Appellant, v. Patricia A. BEAVIN, Kirk Hindson, Juanita Hindson, Claimants-Appellees.
• Court: United States Courts of Appeals. United States Court of Appeals (11th Circuit)

Page 762

808 F.2d 762

In the Matter of the Petition of the M/V SUNSHINE, II, Petitioner,

and

Robert W. WHITAKER, for exoneration from or limitation of

liability, Petitioner-Appellant, v. Patricia A. BEAVIN, Kirk Hindson, Juanita Hindson,

Claimants-Appellees.

No. 85-3968.

United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit.

Jan. 23, 1987.

Robert J. Giuffra, John Hession, Dougherty, Ryan, Mahoney, Pellegrino, Guiffra & Zambito, New York City, for petitioner-appellant.

Fred M. Peed, Marcia K. Lippincott, Orlando, Fla., for claimants-appellees.

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida.

Before GODBOLD and FAY, Circuit Judges, and ATKINS ^*, Senior District Judge.

GODBOLD, Circuit Judge:

Robert W. Whitaker filed a petition for limitation of and/or exoneration from liability pursuant to the Limitation of Liability Act, 46 U.S.C. Sec. 183. The Act permits the owner of a vessel to limit his liability for loss or damage done, occasioned or incurred by collision without his privity or knowledge.

The petition alleged that the Sunshine II, a 33 foot Carver Cruiser, was owned and operated by Whitaker and while proceeding northward on the St. Johns River in Florida collided with a 19 foot southbound Cobia motor boat. Theodore Beavin, the operator of the smaller boat, was killed, and Kirkley F. Hindson, a passenger in that boat, was injured. The petition alleged that the accident and the injuries and damages resulting therefrom were not caused by or contributed to by the privity or knowledge or by any fault, neglect or want of care on the part of the Sunshine II or Whitaker or those in charge of the Sunshine II, but rather that the casualty was caused through the fault of those controlling and in charge of the Cobia boat.

The injured passenger and his wife, and the personal representative of the estate of Beavin, the operator of the Cobia, filed claims. The claims alleged that the injuries and death were proximately caused by the negligent operation of the Sunshine II by Whitaker.

Whitaker filed an answer to the claims in which he denied the allegations of negligence. Also he filed a cross-claim for indemnity or contribution against the estate of decedent Beavin, alleging that injuries claimed by the Hindsons were caused or contributed to by the negligence of Beavin in that he operated his vessel while under the influence of intoxicating beverages, without proper navigational lights, on the wrong side of the channel, and in a reckless, erratic and negligent manner.

The district court dismissed the petition, relying on Fecht v. Makowski, 406 F.2d 721 (5th Cir.1969), citing it as authority that when an owner is in control of and operating his own pleasure craft he has privity or knowledge with respect to its operation and therefore is not entitled to limitation of liability for actions arising from his negligence.

The ultimate burden of proof as to absence or lack of privity or knowledge is upon the petitioner Whitaker. He must prove the negative proposition. Benedict, Admiralty, Sec. 41 p. 5-2. Privity or knowledge has been frequently defined as follows:

As used in the statute, the meaning of the words "privity or knowledge," evidently, is a personal participation of the owner in some fault, or act of negligence, causing or contributing to the loss, or some personal knowledge or means of knowledge, of which he is bound to avail himself of a contemplated loss, or a condition of things likely to produce or contribute to the loss, without adopting appropriate means to prevent it. There must be some personal concurrence, or some fault or negligence on the part of the owner himself, or in which he personally participates, to constitute such privity, within the meaning of the Act, as will exclude him from the benefit of its provisions.

Lord v. Goodall, Nelson & Perkins S.S. Co., 15 F.Cas. 8,506 (C.C.Cal.1877), quoted in Benedict, Sec. 41, p. 5-3. "... [M]ere negligence, pure and simple, in and of itself does not necessarily establish the existence on the part of the owner of a vessel of privity and knowledge within the meaning of the statute." La Bourgogne, 210 U.S. 95, 28 S.Ct. 664, 52 L.Ed. 973 (1908).

The complaint filed by Whitaker was required to "set forth the facts on the basis of which the right to limit liability is asserted." Supplemental Rule F(2) to F.R.Civ.P. for Admiralty Claims. Where the cause and harm arise from a collision between two vessels we doubt that it is sufficient to allege, as Whitaker did, that the Sunshine II and the Cobia boat collided, that Whitaker was free from fault, and that all fault was on the Cobia. ¹ While "the narrative need not necessarily be elaborate," it "should be full and complete." Benedict, Sec. 74, p. 8-25 and 8-26. "The faults of other parties and other vessels are [to be] alleged in detail as in the case of any collision libel or answer." Benedict, Sec. 74, p. 8-29; see also Suggested Forms 74-17 and 74-19. These requirements were not met.

If the claimants desired to contest exoneration or limitation they were required to answer. Supplementary Rule F(5). It was not sufficient for them simply to deny Whitaker's allegations of freedom from fault; the answer must set forth particular faults alleged as grounds for denying the petition. Benedict, Sec. 88, p. 8-162 n. 2.

In this case there is a petition for both limitation and exoneration. The burden of proof of limitation is on Whitaker. The burden of proof of exoneration is on the claimants; they must prove some fault on the part of petitioner as in the case of a complaint charging liability. The allegations of the answer must stand as the allegations of a complaint. Benedict, Sec. 89, p. 8-163 and 164.

In this case neither party told the court enough. But the petition was not dismissed for insufficiency. Once the answer was interposed the matter stood for...