Clark v. Ryan, 85-2395

Citation818 F.2d 1102
Decision Date15 May 1987
Docket NumberNo. 85-2395,85-2395
Parties106 Lab.Cas. P 12,362 Hugh B. CLARK, Trustee; Jack L. Thomas, Trustee; Roanoke Iron Workers Trust Fund; Roanoke Iron Workers Pension Fund; and Roanoke Iron Workers Apprentice Fund, Appellants, v. A.A. RYAN, Jr., Appellee.
CourtUnited States Courts of Appeals. United States Court of Appeals (4th Circuit)

Lawrence C. Musgrove, Jr., Roanoke, Va., on brief, for appellants.

James H. Fulghum, Jr. (King, Fulghum, Snead & Hale, P.C., on brief), Roanoke, Va., for appellee.

Before ERVIN, WILKINSON and WILKINS, Circuit Judges.

WILKINSON, Circuit Judge:

Appellants Clark and Thomas, trustees of three trust funds established by Local 697, International Association of Bridge, Structural and Ornamental Ironworkers, brought suit against A.A. Ryan to recover $22,534.29 in unpaid trust fund contributions on behalf of his non-union workers. The trial court held that Ryan was obliged to make payments for his union workers only. We believe that the district court overlooked the plain terms of the collective bargaining agreement. We accordingly reverse the judgment and remand for further proceedings in accordance with this opinion.

I.

Local 697 and the Southwest Virginia Contractors Association, an association of local contractors who regularly hire workers represented by the union, are parties to a collective bargaining agreement. The agreement designates Local 697 as the exclusive bargaining representative for "all persons employed" by the contractors who fall within the craft classifications specified in Article I of the agreement. The agreement requires employers to make contributions to three trust funds which are administered by the Local. The agreement also contains a termination provision which states:

This agreement shall be in force from June 1, 1980, through May 31, 1982, and shall be automatically renewed from year to year unless on or before March 1, 1982, notice of an intent to terminate it be given by certified mail by either party to the other party.

Appellee Ryan regularly employs four workers in his small iron fabricating business. From time to time, he supplements his non-union work force by contracting with Local 697 for union labor. Ryan was not a member of the contractors' association. On February 6, 1980, however, he became a party to the agreement between Local 697 and the contractors' association by signing a one-page short form agreement which incorporates the master agreement by reference.

The short form agreement states that "the Employer agrees to make payments to the stated Plans covering all of its employees in the craft classification represented by and within the jurisdiction of Local Union 697." Article III, Section I of the master agreement requires employers to pay into the health and welfare trust fund for each hour "worked by employees represented by Local 697." Article III, Section 2, pertaining to pension contributions and Article VIII referring to apprenticeship contributions, require payments from employers for each hour worked "by an employee in the craft classification represented by Local No. 697." Ryan made contributions to the three funds from August, 1980, through October, 1982, on behalf of his union employees, but he did not contribute for his non-union employees.

Appellants brought suit, claiming that Ryan owed a total of $22,534.29 in contributions on behalf of his non-union workers for the period of August, 1980 through August, 1983, at which time appellants filed their complaint. At the district court, Ryan contended that appellants orally assured him when he signed the one-page agreement that he was obligated to contribute only for those of his employees who were union members. Ryan also asserted that he terminated the agreement sometime during the summer of 1982 by orally notifying appellant Clark of his withdrawal.

The district court found that the agreement was ambiguous as to whether Ryan was required to make trust fund contributions for his non-union employees; it thereupon took testimony on the parties' intentions. The court found credible Ryan's testimony that he believed himself obligated to make contributions only on behalf of his union employees. The district court also found that Ryan withdrew from the agreement by notifying appellee Clark in July, 1982, and was not responsible for payments accruing after that time. Pursuant to these findings, the district court entered a judgment against Ryan for $2,449.05.

II.

Appellants claim that the provisions of the collective bargaining agreement governing trust fund contributions are not ambiguous and that the district court should not have admitted extrinsic evidence to interpret them. We agree with appellants that these provisions plainly require employers to contribute to the three funds on behalf of all their employees, both union and non-union.

The language of the relevant agreements repeatedly refers to the type of work performed, not to the status of union membership. The short form agreement provides that "the Employer agrees to make payments to the stated Plans covering all of its employees in the craft classification represented by and within the jurisdiction of Local Union No. 697." Similarly, the provisions of the master agreement relating to the pension and apprenticeship funds cover "employee[s] in the craft classification represented by Local 697." The craft classifications represented by and within Local 697's jurisdiction are listed in Article I of the agreement. The provisions require payments for all of Ryan's employees, both union members and non-members, who perform the work described in Article I.

Ryan argues that the agreement's health and welfare fund provision which requires contributions from "employees represented by Local 697" can be read to require payments only for union members. According to Ryan, the discrepancy between the wording of the health and welfare provision and the other trust fund provisions creates an ambiguity. We disagree. The agreement's preamble designates the union as the exclusive bargaining representative for "all persons employed by [the contractors] in the craft classification set forth in Article I." "All persons" and "all employees" do not mean "some". This provision makes it clear that when the health and welfare provision refers to "employees represented by Local 697," it means all of Ryan's employees, both union members and non-members, who perform a particular type of work.

Other provisions of the agreement provide further support for this interpretation. For example, in Article I, section 3-A, the parties agreed that, for employer convenience, employers' fringe benefits reports may also serve as health and welfare fund reports "on the hours worked by all employees." In addition, the parties specifically refer to union "members" in other provisions of the agreement, such as the dues check off provision, where the distinction between union membership and union representation is relevant.

The facts of this case resemble those of Manning v. Wiscombe, 498 F.2d 1311 (10th Cir.1974). There, as here, a non-member of a contractors' association signed a collective bargaining agreement which established the union as the "exclusive bargaining representative" for all craft employees in the employ of the contractor. The district court agreed with the employer that no contributions were required under the agreement on behalf of non-union employees. The court of appeals reversed, holding that the recognition clause of the contract established an obligation to make trust fund payments for union and non-union employees alike, despite the fact that the employer had from the inception of the contract made contributions only on behalf of employees who were union members. Here, if anything, the language is even more emphatic because the short form specifically requires trust fund payments for all employees within the craft classification represented by the union. See also Teamster's Local 348 Health & Welfare Fund v. Kohn Beverage Co., 749 F.2d 315, 319 (6th Cir.1984); Washington Area Carpenters' v. Overhead Door, 681 F.2d 1, 10 (D.C.Cir.1982); Audit Services, Inc. v. Rolfson, 641 F.2d 757, 761 (9th Cir.1981); Carpenters and Millwrights Health Benefit Trust Fund v. Gardineer Dry Walling Co., 573 F.2d 1172, 1177 (10th Cir.1978); Painters Dist. Council No. 3 Pension Fund v. Johnson, 566 F.Supp. 592, 598-99 (W.D.Mo.1983); Markt v. Ro-Mart, Inc., 471 F.Supp. 1292, 1296-97 (N.D.Cal.1979).

Because the disputed language is neither ambiguous nor uncertain, the district court's decision to admit parol evidence was error. See Laborers Health & Welfare Trust Fund for Northern California v. Kaufman & Broad, 707 F.2d 412, 418 (9th Cir.1983); Markt, 471 F.Supp. at 1297. Courts are especially wary of admitting parol evidence with respect to trust fund agreements. In Kemmis v. McGoldrick, 706 F.2d 993, 996-97 (9th Cir.1983), the Ninth Circuit noted that

Oral agreements between union representatives and employers regarding the meaning of a written trust fund agreement are difficult to prove. Judicial recognition of such oral statements invites collusion and controversy to the detriment of the employee beneficiaries.

Id. at 996. See also Operating Engineers Pension Trust v. Beck, 746 F.2d 557, 568 (9th Cir.1984). In accordance with the plain meaning of the trust fund provisions of the agreement, we reverse the district court's holding that Ryan had no obligation to make trust fund contributions for his non-union employees. Contributions to trust funds "are as much a part of an employee's compensation as his hourly wages, and an employer should not be free to withhold either one." Overhead Door, 681 F.2d at 9.

III.

Appellants' second contention is that the district court erred in determining that appellee Ryan unilaterally terminated his participation in the agreement in July, 1982, by orally notifying appellant Clark. Although Ryan's...

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