Johnson v. State, PC-90-129

• Decision Date: 27 December 1991
• Docket Number: No. PC-90-129,PC-90-129
• Citation: 823 P.2d 370
• Parties: Malcolm Rent JOHNSON, Appellant, v. STATE of Oklahoma, Appellee.
• Court: United States State Court of Criminal Appeals of Oklahoma. Court of Criminal Appeals of Oklahoma

Page 370

823 P.2d 370

Malcolm Rent JOHNSON, Appellant, v. STATE of Oklahoma, Appellee.

No. PC-90-129.

Court of Criminal Appeals of Oklahoma.

Dec. 27, 1991.

As Corrected Jan. 15, 1992.

An appeal from the District Court of Oklahoma County; Charles L. Owens, District Judge.

Malcolm Rent Johnson, Appellant, was convicted of First Degree Murder in Oklahoma County District Court, Case No. CRF-81-4939, and sentenced to death. The conviction was affirmed on direct appeal in an opinion published at 731 P.2d 993. Certiorari was denied by the Supreme Court at 484 U.S. 878, 108 S.Ct. 35, 98 L.Ed.2d 167. Appellant's first application for post-conviction relief was denied by the trial court on December 12, 1987 and affirmed by this Court in unpublished orders in PC-88-90. The Supreme Court denied certiorari at 488 U.S. 872, 109 S.Ct. 189, 102 L.Ed.2d 159. The trial court denied Appellant's second application for post-conviction relief on January 4, 1990. The trial court's decision is AFFIRMED.

Mark Barrett, Asst. Appellate Public Defender, Mandy Welch, Deputy Appellate Public Defender, Norman, Thomas M. Lahiff, Jr., Steven J. Barnes, New York City, for appellant.

Robert H. Henry, Atty. Gen., Sandra Diane Howard, Asst. Atty. Gen., Oklahoma City, for appellee.

OPINION

LANE, Presiding Judge:

The present case arises from the trial court's denial of Appellant's second Application for Post-Conviction relief, brought pursuant to 22 O.S.1981, § 1080 et seq., in the District Court of Oklahoma County. Appellant seeks further review of his 1982 conviction for First Degree Murder of 78 year old Ura Thompson. Testimony at trial established that Miss Thompson died of suffocation after being forcefully raped. After finding that the existence of two aggravating circumstances outweighed the mitigating evidence offered by Appellant, the jury requested that a sentence of death sentence be imposed. ¹ Appellant raises twelve issues in this second application, any one of which he claims should entitle him to relief from this Court. Based on the substantive and lengthy record presented in connection with the two previous appeals in this case, we decline to grant further review of the conviction and therefore affirm the decision of the trial court denying the Application.

Oklahoma criminal procedures provide each and every defendant in this State with the means to pursue a direct appeal of all convictions as a matter of right. 22 O.S.1981, § 1051. Provision is made under the law to provide counsel to those defendants not able to afford representation to ensure that the right is carried out in a meaningful manner. 22 O.S.1981, § 1355, et seq. By providing a means of comprehensive review of a conviction, the legislature has sought to ensure that any claim to relief which a defendant may make will be heard and if meritorious, remedied at the soonest possible time.

Likewise, the passage of the Uniform Post-Conviction Procedure Act was intended to protect the valuable rights of criminal defendants. Unlike the provisions providing for direct appeal, however, the scope of this remedial measure is strictly limited in its application ².

It has long been the law in Oklahoma that post-conviction relief measures are not a substitute for a direct appeal. Cartwright v. State, 708 P.2d 592 (Okl.Cr.1985); Jones v. State, 704 P.2d 1138 (Okl.Cr.1985); Ellington v. Crisp, 547 P.2d 391 (Okl.Cr.1976). See also 22 O.S.1981, § 1086. We held in Jones that the provisions of Section 1080 are to be strictly limited to only those claims which, for whatever reason, could not have been raised on direct appeal. Jones, 704 P.2d at 1140. Section 1086 limits the relief available on subsequent petitions to only "those grounds which for sufficient reason[s] were not asserted or [were] inadequately raised." Id.

The establishment and recognition of this type of procedural prohibition is necessary to at some point close the books on a particular case. Without any restraint on the number of times in which a defendant could seek review of his judgment and sentence on any ground, there would never be a point at which the system could rely on the finality of the judgment and sentence. By limiting the available avenues of review, the rights of defendants are protected while providing a finite number of opportunities for relief. Such a limitation on the right to judicial review is constitutionally permissible and should be respected. McCleskey v. Zant, 499 U.S. 467, 111 S.Ct. 1454, 113 L.Ed.2d 517 (1991).

In McCleskey, the Supreme Court considered the effects of multiple requests for habeas review of the same conviction. The Court dismissed the petition before it, holding that a defendant may not continuously raise new claims in subsequent writs without proving that the delayed request which resulted in the procedural default was the result of inexcusable neglect. With regard to the need for finality of convictions the Court stated:

Far more severe are the disruptions when a claim is presented for the first time in a second or subsequent federal habeas petition. If "collateral review of a conviction extends the ordeal of trial for both society and the accused" ... the ordeal worsens during subsequent collateral proceedings. Perpetual disrespect for the finality of convictions disparages the entire criminal justice system. (Citations omitted.)

The Court recognized and reaffirmed the rule that in cases of procedural default, "the petitioner must show that 'some objective factor external to the defense impeded counsel's efforts' to raise that claim in state court." Id. at ----, 111 S.Ct. at 1470, quoting Murray v. Carrier, 477 U.S. 478, 487, 106 S.Ct. 2639, 2645, 91 L.Ed.2d 397 (1986). This is in keeping with the long time requirement that failure to raise allegations at the first available opportunity will be excused only on a showing of "cause and prejudice." Fay v. Noia, 372 U.S. 391, 83 S.Ct. 822, 9 L.Ed.2d 837 (1963). The Court in McCleskey, further explained that " '[c]ause ... requires a showing of some external impediment preventing counsel from constructing or raising a claim'.... For cause to exist, the external impediment, whether it be government interference or the reasonable unavailability of the factual basis for the claim, must have prevented petitioner from raising the claim." McCleskey 499 U.S. at ----, 111 S.Ct. at 1472. (Citations omitted).

Although the McCleskey case is specifically applicable to claims brought under federal habeas corpus statutes, we find its message to be equally applicable to explain the processes involved when we are called upon to consider various subsequent attempts to invoke our jurisdiction in the same underlying case. As is the case in the federal courts, we will not review new claims brought in successive petitions or applications that could have or should have been brought at some previous point in time without proof of adequate grounds to excuse the delay. Cartwright v. State, 708 P.2d at 594; Jones v. State, 704 P.2d at 1139; Ellington v. Crisp, 547 P.2d at 392. See also Maines v. State, 597 P.2d 774, 775 (Okl.Cr.1979); Stewart v. State, 495 P.2d 834, 835 (Okl.Cr.1972).

With these ground rules in mind, we turn to an analysis of Appellant's claims. Our first task is to determine whether any of the claims are presented under a procedural posture to allow consideration from this Court. Of the twelve grounds alleged in the current Petition, there is significant overlap between the claims. Many of the...