U.S. v. One 1986 Mercedes Benz, VIN WDBEA30D2GA143459
| Decision Date | 02 May 1988 |
| Docket Number | D,No. 974,974 |
| Citation | 846 F.2d 2 |
| Parties | UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. ONE 1986 MERCEDES BENZ, VIN WDBEA30D2GA143459, and $2,710.00 in U.S. Currency, and Cynthia Parker, Defendants-in-Rem and Claimant-Appellant. ocket 87-6160. |
| Court | U.S. Court of Appeals — Second Circuit |
Benjamin Sneed, New York City, (Pope Billups & Sneed, of counsel), for defendants-in-rem and claimant-appellant.
Sarah Thomas-Gonzalez, New York City, Sp. Asst. U.S. Atty., for S.D. New York (Rudolph W. Giuliani, U.S. Atty., for S.D. New York, Richard W. Mark, Asst. U.S. Atty., of counsel), for plaintiff-appellee.
Before FEINBERG, Chief Judge, MESKILL and PIERCE, Circuit Judges.
Cynthia Parker appeals from a judgment of forfeiture of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, Peter K. Leisure, J., entered May 28, 1987 following a bench trial, forfeiting to the United States one 1986 Mercedes Benz, VIN WDBEA30D2GA143459. The district court determined that the government had probable cause to seize the Mercedes and that Parker had failed to established by a preponderance of the evidence that the Mercedes was not used to transport a controlled substance--namely, a small quantity of marijuana--and therefore the vehicle was forfeitable pursuant to 21 U.S.C. Sec. 881(a)(4). For the reasons given below, we affirm the judgment of the district court.
The relevant facts of this case, which are described in greater detail in the district court's findings of fact and conclusions of law, reported at 660 F.Supp. 410 (S.D.N.Y.1987), are as follows. In June 1986, United States Drug Enforcement Administration ("DEA") agents were conducting a surveillance at 42 West 128th Street, in New York City, when they observed the Mercedes run a red light. The Mercedes was driving in tandem with a Jeep Laredo and the agents concluded that the Jeep was " 'shotgunning' the Mercedes to protect someone of importance or something of value." 660 F.Supp. at 412. The agents recognized the Mercedes as belonging to Parker, who, along with Warmington Chow, was under investigation for allegedly running a crack operation in Harlem. The agents observed Chow get out of the Mercedes, another man leave the Jeep, and both enter a building. When the men left the building 20 minutes later, Chow was carrying a package under his arm.
The agents stopped the vehicles and asked the occupants of the Mercedes (Chow and two passengers) to get out of the car. The agents observed an open brown paper bag containing money in the front seat of the Mercedes. They removed the bag and found it contained $2,710 in old bills, with rubber bands around each denomination of bills, which the agents determined to be "street money." The agents then searched the rear of the car on the driver's side and found the remains of a marijuana cigarette in the ashtray; it had been smoked down to the end. The agents transported the Mercedes to the DEA office and informed its occupants that the car was going to be seized. The $2,710 in currency was also seized.
In October 1986, the government filed a verified complaint seeking forfeiture of the Mercedes pursuant to 21 U.S.C. Sec. 881(a)(4), because it "was used or intended to be used by Warmington Chow to facilitate the transportation, sale, receipt, possession, or concealment of a controlled substance." Parker, the owner of the Mercedes, filed a claim to the vehicle, denying the government's allegation. The action was consolidated with an action for the forfeiture of the $2,710 seized from the Mercedes, and was tried by Judge Leisure in February 1987.
The district court concluded that the Mercedes was forfeitable under 21 U.S.C. Sec. 881(a)(4) since it was used to transport marijuana, rejecting claimants' allegation that the marijuana was planted by an unidentified DEA agent. The court stated that it was of no legal significance that the amount of marijuana in question was relatively small or that the owner was not a participant in the acts that brought about the forfeiture. The court also concluded that the $2,710 in currency was forfeitable under 21 U.S.C. Sec. 881(a)(6) since Chow failed to establish that the currency was not furnished or intended to be furnished in exchange for a controlled substance. The court rejected Chow's story as to the source of the money. Chow did not appeal from the judgment of forfeiture.
On appeal, Parker argues that the mere suspicion that she was engaged in drug trafficking is insufficient to...
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