National Fire & Marine Ins. Co. v. Picazio

• Decision Date: 23 April 1984
• Docket Number: Civ. No. H-83-100.
• Citation: 583 F. Supp. 624
• Parties: NATIONAL FIRE AND MARINE INSURANCE COMPANY v. Frank PICAZIO, Jr. and Antoinette Picazio, dba Ponderosa Park.
• Court: U.S. District Court — District of Connecticut

583 F. Supp. 624

NATIONAL FIRE AND MARINE INSURANCE COMPANY v. Frank PICAZIO, Jr. and Antoinette Picazio, dba Ponderosa Park.

Civ. No. H-83-100.

United States District Court, D. Connecticut.

May 13, 1983.

On Motion to Amend Judgment April 23, 1984.

Michael Feldman, Michael F. Dowley, Hoberman, Pollack & Roseman, P.C., Hartford, Conn., for plaintiff.

Paul M. Guernsey, Traystman & Guernsey, New London, Conn., Ronald Stevens, Shea, Stevens & Harris, Niantic, Conn., for defendants.

RULING ON PLAINTIFF'S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT

CLARIE, Senior District Judge.

Pursuant to Rule 56, Fed.R.Civ.P., the plaintiff has moved for summary judgment on its declaratory judgment action, requesting the Court to determine whether or not it is obligated to defend or indemnify the defendants in a pending state court lawsuit. The defendants contend that the insurance policy issued by the plaintiff extends coverage to liability for the reckless and wanton conduct alleged in the underlying suit. The Court finds that the state court suit seeks to impose liability on the defendants by reason of the sale or service of alcoholic beverages, and that such liability was explicitly excluded from the coverage in the insurance policy issued by the plaintiff. The plaintiff's motion for summary judgment is accordingly granted.

Facts

The present declaratory judgment action, between parties of diverse citizenship, stems from an underlying Connecticut state court suit brought by the administratrix of the estates of her husband and two children. That complaint alleges that a driver was served alcohol, while already intoxicated, by the defendants, "all of said defendants being in the retail liquor business for consumption of alcohol on the premises," and that the driver then negligently caused his vehicle to collide with the administratrix's vehicle, causing three deaths, and physical injuries to the administratrix. The first four counts of the complaint allege a cause of action under Connecticut's Dram Shop Act, Conn.Gen.Stat. § 30-102, for which the defendants have separate insurance that is defending them. The fifth count, however, alleges that the defendants' conduct concerning the sale or service of alcohol to the driver was wanton and reckless.¹ The defendants seek to have the plaintiff defend and indemnify them as to this count. The plaintiff seeks a declaratory judgment, that because of the exclusion provision in the policy it issued to the defendants, it is not obligated to defend or indemnify them.

No material issues of fact are presented in this case.

Discussion

The "Owners', Landlords', and Tenants' Liability Insurance" policy which the defendants purchased from the plaintiff National Fire and Marine Insurance Company, and which was in effect at the time of the occurrence complained of in the underlying state court lawsuit, contained among others, the following exclusion:

"This insurance does not apply:

. . . . .

(h) to bodily injury or property damage for which the insured or his indemnitee may be held liable

(1) as a person or organization engaged in the business of manufacturing, distributing, selling or serving alcoholic beverages, or

(2) if not so engaged, as an owner or lessor of premises used for such purposes, if such liability is imposed

(i) by, or because of the violation of, any statute, ordinance or regulation pertaining to the sale, gift, distribution or use of any alcoholic beverage, or

(ii) by reason of the selling, serving or giving of any alcoholic beverage to a minor or to a person under the influence of alcohol or which causes or contributes to the intoxication of any person;

but part (ii) of this exclusion does not apply with respect to liability of the insured or his indemnitee as an owner or lessor described in (2) above;"

Under part (ii) above,² the policy explicitly excludes coverage for liability arising from the sale or service of alcohol to a person under the influence of alcohol or which causes or contributes to the intoxication of any person. The plaintiff contends that the underlying allegations in Count Five of the state court action involve the sale or service of alcohol, and as such, coverage for liability arising from such sale or service of alcohol was explicitly excluded by the policy.

The defendants do not contend that the structure or language of Exclusion (h) is ambiguous. Rather, they urge that the liability alleged in Count Five arises not by virtue of the sale or service of alcohol, but rather from some separate, additional reckless or wanton conduct. They represent that Count Five states a cause of action recently defined in Connecticut by the Supreme Court's decision in Kowal v. Hofher, 181 Conn. 355, 436 A.2d 1 (1980), in which, they contend, liability was imposed only for outrageous conduct in addition to the sale or service of alcohol, and not merely for the sale or service itself. Because Count Five was patterned after Kowal, they urge that any liability alleged in it does not arise "by reason of the selling, serving, or giving of any alcoholic beverage," as required for the exclusion in part (ii) to apply, but rather by virtue of separate, outrageous conduct, similar to that which they contend was the true basis of liability in Kowal.

The defendants' understanding of the basis for liability in Kowal, however, is mistaken. Kowal reaffirmed that there is no common-law action in Connecticut in negligence for the sale or service of alcohol to an intoxicated person, and then considered the circumstances of wanton and reckless conduct. In formulating the issue before it, the Supreme Court wrote:

"The question before us, then, is whether those policy considerations which might justify protecting both a vendor and a social host from common-law liability for the injurious consequences of negligent conduct in the sale or serving of alcoholic beverages to another also apply when the conduct constitutes wanton and reckless misconduct.

We hold that they do not." Id. at 360-61, 436 A.2d 1 (emphasis added).

It is clear that "the conduct" which the Court considered the basis for liability was the wanton and reckless sale or service of alcoholic beverages, and not some separate, additional misconduct. In Kowal, it was the sale or service of alcoholic beverages, itself, in a wanton and reckless manner, which gave rise to the imposition of liability. This is further borne out by the analogous decisions from other jurisdictions, which the Court considered in support, and which also involved the sale or service of alcoholic beverages. Contrary to the defendants' contentions, liability was imposed in Kowal by reason of the selling, serving, or giving of alcoholic beverages, and not because of some independent conduct.

The wrongful conduct alleged in Count Five in the underlying state court complaint is similarly the service of alcoholic beverages to an intoxicated person, and not some other, independent conduct. Each of the paragraphs of Count Five which detail the defendants' conduct uses the words "served" "served," or "serving".³ It is clear that, following Kowal, the liability alleged in the state court action arises "by reason of the selling, serving or giving of an alcoholic beverage", as stated in part (ii) of Exclusion (h).

The Court finds that Exclusion (h) does apply to the conduct alleged in Count Five of the underlying state court complaint. Since the complaint does not allege acts for which the plaintiff could be held liable under the policy it issued to the defendants, the plaintiff is not obligated to defend or indemnify the defendants in the underlying state court action. Hogle v. Hogle, 167 Conn. 572, 576, 356 A.2d 172 (1975). The plaintiff's motion for summary judgment is accordingly granted.

SO ORDERED.

ON MOTION TO AMEND JUDGMENT

The plaintiff, National Fire and Marine Insurance Company, ("National Fire and Marine") has moved the Court, pursuant to Rules 59(e) and 60(b), Fed.R.Civ.P., to amend its previous judgment in which the Court declared that the plaintiff, under the then existing complaint, owed the defendants, Frank and Antoinette Picazio, d/b/a Ponderosa Park ("Picazios") neither a duty to defend nor an obligation to indemnify them in the underlying state court action. Essentially, National Fire and Marine requests the Court to declare that, notwithstanding new allegations brought by the state court plaintiff in the amended complaint, National Fire and Marine still has no obligation to defend or indemnify the Picazios in the state court suit. As the Court finds that the new state court complaint with its amended allegations now presents facts which could trigger policy coverage, it denies National Fire and Marine's motion and rules that National Fire and Marine is legally obligated to provide the Picazios with counsel-defense in the state court proceedings.

Facts

Familiarity with the facts as they existed at the time of the Court's May 13, 1983 ruling is assumed. A brief sketch of the present posture of the case, however, is in order.

The Court's prior ruling found that, under the allegations set out in the original complaint, an exclusionary clause in the insurance contract between National Fire and Marine and the Picazios "explicitly excluded coverage for liability arising from the sale or service of alcohol to a person under the influence of alcohol or which causes or contributes to the intoxication of any person." National Fire and Marine Insurance Company v. Frank Picazio, Jr. and...