Pacific Telephone & Telegraph Co. v. Star Pub. Co.
Decision Date | 20 October 1924 |
Docket Number | No. 427.,427. |
Citation | 2 F.2d 151 |
Court | U.S. District Court — Western District of Washington |
Parties | PACIFIC TELEPHONE & TELEGRAPH CO. v. STAR PUB. CO. |
Otto B. Rupp, of Seattle, Wash., Post, Russell & Higgins, of Spokane, Wash., and Pillsbury, Madison & Sutro, of San Francisco, Cal., for plaintiff.
Herr, Bayley & Croson, of Seattle, Wash., for defendant.
NETERER, District Judge (after stating the facts as above).
The issue here, telephone rates, has been before the court in several relations. P. T. & T. Co. v. Dept. of Pub. Wks., ___ F.(2d) ___;2 Id., 265 U. S. 196, 44 S. Ct. 553, 68 L. Ed. 975; and State ex rel. Seattle v. Dept. of Pub. Wks. et al., ___ F.(2d) ___,2 decision filed Sept. 25, 1924. It is contended that the restraining order should not issue because violative of section 720, R. S. (Comp. St. § 1242). If this proceeding is ancillary to the case, supra, now pending in this court, the defendant may be enjoined. Traction Co. v. Mining Co., 196 U. S. 239, 25 S. Ct. 251, 49 L. Ed. 462; C. & O. Ry. Co. v. McCabe, 213 U. S. 207, 29 S. Ct. 430, 53 L. Ed. 765; C. & O. Ry. Co. v. McDonald, 214 U. S. 191, 29 S. Ct. 546, 53 L. Ed. 963; C. & O. Ry. Co. v. Cockrell, 232 U. S. 146, 34 S. Ct. 278, 58 L. Ed. 544. And in an ancillary action, jurisdictional requisite, diversity of citizenship, and amount involved, are not necessary. M., K. & T. Ry. Co. v. Chappell (D. C.) 206 F. 688; McCabe v. Guaranty Trust Co., 243 F. 845, 156 C. C. A. 357. See also cases in margin.1 The avoidance of unseemly conflict between courts whose jurisdiction may embrace the same property or persons inspired section 720, supra, and the possession of the res vests the court which first acquired jurisdiction with power to adjudicate the controversy. F. L. & T. Co. v. Lake Street E. R. Co., 177 U. S. 51, 20 S. Ct. 564, 44 L. Ed. 667. And this applies whether the court takes possession of specific property or not. Looney v. E. T. Ry. Co., 247 U. S. 214, 38 S. Ct. 460, 62 L. Ed. 1084. That the rate case, supra, is not a proceeding in personam, but essentially in rem, is stated in People's Gaslight & Coke Co. v. City of Chicago (C. C.) 192 F. 398, and the same thought is expressed by the Supreme Court in Missouri v. Chicago, B. & Q. R. R. Co., 241 U. S. 533, 36 S. Ct. 715, 60 L. Ed. 1148, where it sustained the complaint of a railroad as to the confiscatory character of rates fixed by state law and the right to test the rates as a unit, claiming injunctive relief against the state law in its entirety and the officers having to do with its enforcement, citing Reagan v. F. L. & T. Co., 154 U. S. 362, 14 S. Ct. 1047, 38 L. Ed. 1014; Smyth v. Ames, 169 U. S. 466, 18 S. Ct. 418, 42 L. Ed. 819; Ex parte Young, 209 U. S. 123, 28 S. Ct. 441, 52 L. Ed. 714, 13 L. R. A. (N. S.) 932, 14 Ann. Cas. 764; Willcox v. Consolidated Gas Co., 212 U. S. 19, 29 S. Ct. 192, 53 L. Ed. 382, 48 L. R. A. (N. S.) 1134, 15 Ann. Cas. 1034; Missouri Rate Case, 230 U. S. 474, 33 S. Ct. 975, 57 L. Ed. 1571; Norfolk & Western Ry. v. Conley, 236 U. S. 605, 35 S. Ct. 437, 59 L. Ed. 745.
In the Missouri Rate Case, 230 U. S. 474, 33 S. Ct. 975, 57 L. Ed. 1571, a restraining order was obtained against the enforcement of the Freight and Passenger Act of 1905 of Missouri. While the issue was pending before the master, to whom it was referred to take testimony, and before a report of his findings and conclusions was filed, the Missouri Legislature, in 1907, passed certain acts fixing certain minimum and maximum rates (intrastate) for named commodities. On the day these acts took effect bills were filed in the state court against the railway company by the state, requiring them to give effect to the new prescribed rates. The companies filed a supplemental bill in the action pending in the federal court, praying that the enforcement of the 1907 act be enjoined. The state contended that it had brought suit and the state court's jurisdiction was then exclusively vested. The federal court — (C. C.) 168 F. 317 — denied this contention. The Supreme Court said, at page 496 (33 S. Ct. 978):
In Re Engelhard, 231 U. S. 646, 651, 34 S. Ct. 258, 259 (58 L. Ed. 416) the court said:
To the same effect is Ex parte Young, 209 U. S. 123, 161, 165, 28 S. Ct. 441, 52 L. Ed. 714, 13 L. R. A. (N. S.) 932, 14 Ann. Cas. 764.
This case is clearly ancillary to the rate case, supra. The right of the parties there in issue cannot be determined in another court without conflicting with the jurisdiction here, and until this jurisdiction is exhausted no other court's jurisdiction may be invoked. See Starr v. Chicago, R. I. & P. Ry. Co. (C. C.) 110 F. 3, 6, 8, 9, and cases cited. Among other things, at page 6, the Circuit Court said:
(citing cases).
A case on all fours with the case in issue is Looney v. Eastern Texas Ry. Co., supra. Justice Clarke, at page 221 (38 S. Ct. 462), said:
(citing cases).
See, also, cases cited below.2
The Department of Public Works is the representative of the telephone users, and the subscribers are bound by decree entered in the rate case, supra. The Missouri Rate Cases, 230 U. S. 474, 33 S. Ct. 975, 57 L. Ed. 1571; In re Engelhard, supra; Ex parte Young, supra; Mo. v. C., B. & Q. R. R. Co., supra; City of N. Y. v. Consolidated Gas Co., 253 U. S. 219, 40 S. Ct. 511, 64 L. Ed. 870. The court, in the case of New York v. New York Tel. Co., 261 U. S. 312, at page 315, 43 S. Ct. 372, 373 (67 L. Ed. 673) said:
"The necessary defendant in the suit to enjoin the orders lowering rates was the Public Service Commission, whose orders they were."
In Re Engelhard, supra, at page 651 (34 S. Ct. 259), the court said:
"It is the universal practice, sustained by authority, that the only mode of judicial relief against unreasonable rates is by suit against the governmental authority which established them or is charged with the duty of enforcing them.
Judge Morrow, of this circuit, in Spring Valley Waterworks v. City and County of San Francisco (C. C.) 124 F. 574, 602, said:
See, also, cases cited below.3
It is said that this court, in Puget Sound Power & Light Company v. S. B. Asia et al., filed March 12, 1921, declined to enjoin a proceeding in the state court, and that this issue is similar. The issue in those cases (state court and this court) involved separate funds of the city — in the one court, a special fund; in the other court, the general fund — and the court said:
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