Neuss Hesslein & Co. v. Edwards

• Decision Date: 31 March 1928
• Citation: 24 F.2d 989
• Parties: NEUSS HESSLEIN & CO., Inc., v. EDWARDS, Collector of Internal Revenue.
• Court: U.S. District Court — Southern District of New York

24 F.2d 989 (1928)

NEUSS HESSLEIN & CO., Inc., v. EDWARDS, Collector of Internal Revenue.

District Court, S. D. New York.

March, 1928.

Lord, Day & Lord, Franklin Grady, and Sharon Graham, all of New York City, for plaintiff.

Charles H. Tuttle, U. S. Atty., and Samuel C. Coleman, Asst. U. S. Atty., both of New York City, for defendant.

GODDARD, District Judge.

This is a motion by the defendant to dismiss the plaintiff's amended complaint on the ground that it does not set forth facts sufficient to constitute a cause of action. From the complaint it appears that the plaintiff is a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the state of New York, and with its principal place of business in the city and state of New York, and was at all the times referred to and now is engaged within the United States in the business of purchasing goods within the United States and exporting the said goods to countries foreign to the United States; that on June 13, 1921, it paid under protest to the United States collector of internal revenue at New York $2,195.70 imposed under the Revenue Act of 1918 upon its net income or profits during the calendar year 1920. This suit was brought to recover the tax so paid, on the ground that its imposition was unconstitutional, it alleges, because corporations organized under the laws of Porto Rico and Philippine Islands, which are engaged in a business similar to that of the plaintiff, are not required to pay as much tax as it is compelled to pay; that Congress has attempted to classify corporations of Porto Rico and of the Philippine Islands as foreign corporations under section 1 of the Revenue Act of 1918 (Comp. St. § 6371¼a); and that such corporations were exempted from the payment of tax on the net income derived from the business of exporting articles from the United States and selling them in foreign countries. Its precise grounds, as stated by the plaintiff, are:

"First. That the said tax assessed and collected under sections 230 and 301 of the Revenue Act of 1918 on the net income of the plaintiff, derived from the purchase of articles within the United States by the plaintiff and the exportation and disposition or sale of said articles in countries foreign to the United States by the plaintiff during the calendar year 1920, was not the exertion of taxation but the confiscation or taking of plaintiff's property in violation of the Fifth Amendment of the Constitution of the United States, inasmuch as the like net income of corporations organized under the laws of Porto Rico and the Philippine Islands, derived from the said like business of exporting carried on within the United States during said calendar year 1920, under the same circumstances and conditions, and under the protection of the United States in whatever part of the world their business was conducted, was exempt from like tax under section 233 (b) of said Revenue Act of 1918."

"Second. That by reason of said discrimination against the plaintiff the said tax so imposed upon the said net income of the plaintiff so earned during said calendar year 1920 directly burdened the exportation of said articles from the United States by the plaintiff in violation of paragraph 5 of section 9 of article 1 of the Constitution of the United States."

The pertinent sections of the Act of Congress approved February 24, 1919, known as the Revenue Act of 1918 (40 Stat. c. 18), are:

"Sec. 1. The term `foreign' when applied to a corporation or partnership means created or organized outside the United States.

"The term `United States' when used in a geographical sense includes only the States, the territories of Alaska and Hawaii, and the District of Columbia." * * *

"Sec. 230(a). That, in lieu of the taxes imposed by section 10 of the Revenue Act of 1916, as amended by the Revenue Act of 1917, and by section 4 of the Revenue Act of 1917, there shall be levied, collected, and paid for each taxable year upon the net income of every corporation a tax at the following rates:

"(1) For the calendar year 1918, 12 per centum of the amount of the net income in excess of the credits provided in section 236; and

"(2) For each calendar year thereafter, 10 per centum of such excess amount. * * *

"Sec. 233(b). In the case of a foreign corporation gross income includes only the gross income from sources within the United States, including the interest on bonds, notes, or other interest-bearing obligations of residents, corporate or otherwise, dividends from resident corporations, and including all amounts received (although paid under a contract for the sale of goods or otherwise) representing profits on the manufacture and disposition of goods within the United States."

"Sec. 261. That in Porto Rico and the Philippine Islands the income tax shall be levied, assessed, collected, and paid in accordance with the provisions of the Revenue Act of 1916 as amended. Returns shall be made and taxes shall be paid under title I of such act in Porto Rico or the Philippine Islands, as the case may be, by (1) every individual who is a citizen or resident of Porto Rico or the Philippine Islands or derives income from sources therein, and (2) every corporation created or organized in Porto Rico or the Philippine Islands or deriving income from sources therein. An individual who is neither a citizen nor a resident of Porto Rico or the Philippine Islands but derives income from sources therein, shall be taxed in Porto Rico or the Philippine Islands as a nonresident alien individual, and a corporation...