Edwards v. Baltimore & OR Co.

• Decision Date: 23 November 1942
• Docket Number: No. 7976.,7976.
• Citation: 131 F.2d 366
• Parties: EDWARDS v. BALTIMORE & O. R. CO.
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — Seventh Circuit

131 F.2d 366 (1942)

EDWARDS v. BALTIMORE & O. R. CO.

No. 7976.

Circuit Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit.

November 23, 1942.

Edward W. Rawlins, James F. Wright, and E. W. Lademann, all of Chicago, Ill. (Fay Warren Johnson, of Chicago, Ill., of counsel), for appellant.

Louis P. Miller, Joseph D. Ryan, and Edmund M. Sinnott, all of Chicago, Ill., for appellee.

Before MAJOR, MINTON, Circuit Judges, and LINDLEY, District Judge.

LINDLEY, District Judge.

Defendant seeks to reverse a judgment for plaintiff under the Federal Employers' Liability Act, 45 U.S.C.A. § 51 et seq., for personal injuries sustained by the latter caused by alleged negligence of defendant, insisting that plaintiff submitted no substantial evidence to support the verdict.

Plaintiff was employed by defendant as a machinist's helper, and, in that capacity, at the time of the accident, was assisting King, a machinist, in repairing an automatic stoker in one of defendant's locomotives. The stoker had jammed, and the locomotive, on reaching defendant's shops, was put to one side to afford opportunity for repair. The device, actuated by steam power from the boiler, consisted of a long tube running from the tender to the fire box, where it divided into two upright tubes or barrels. In both tube and barrels, screws operated to crush and convey the coal to the firebox door and there it was blown into the firebox by steam jets. The motive power of the stoker was supplied by steam operating, in a cylinder, a piston which by gears, turned screws. Admission of steam was controlled by a valve between the boiler and the cylinder, and to secure additional intake, a booster valve was supplied. At the time King and plaintiff were working on the stoker, the fire in the locomotive had not been drawn and the steam pressure in the boiler stood at about 150 pounds.

After vainly attempting to get the device into operation by opening and closing the operating and booster valves and by endeavoring to turn the screw with a pipe wrench, the two workmen removed the clean-out plate at the base of one of the barrels in order to locate and remove the obstruction. This plate bore a stamped warning to "keep hands out." After removing the coal from the barrel by means of a chisel and hook, King shut off the steam, reached into the barrel, felt around and told plaintiff he felt an obstruction. There is a conflict in the testimony as to what next occurred. Plaintiff swore that King told him to reach in and see if he could ascertain what the obstruction was. King testified that he did not ask plaintiff to reach into the barrel. It is undisputed, however, that plaintiff put his hand into the opening and apparently loosened the obstruction sufficiently to remove the impediment and to allow the screw to turn and catch his hand and arm. A surgeon amputated plaintiff's arm just above the elbow in order to free him.

The Federal Employers' Liability Act as amended in 1939, 45 U.S.C.A. § 51, provides: "Every common carrier by railroad while engaging in commerce between any of the several States * * * shall be liable in damages to any person suffering injury while he is employed by such carrier in such commerce * * * for such injury * * * resulting in whole or in part from the negligence of any of the officers, agents, or employees of such carrier * * *." Without negligence on the part of the carrier or one of its employees no recovery may be had. The mere happening of an accident is not sufficient. New Orleans & N. E. R. R. v. Harris, 247 U.S. 367, 38 S.Ct. 535, 62 L.Ed. 1167; San Antonio & A. & P. Ry. v. Wagner, 241 U.S. 476, 36 S.Ct. 626, 60 L.Ed. 1110; Southern Ry. v. Gray, 241 U.S. 333, 36 S.Ct. 558, 60 L.Ed. 1030; Schaefer v. Lowden, 147 Kan. 520, 78 P.2d 48.

That the injured party is guilty of contributory negligence does not bar recovery, but serves merely to diminish damages. 45 U.S.C.A. § 53; Chicago, R. I. & P. Ry. v. Ward, 252 U.S. 18, 40 S.Ct. 275, 64 L.Ed. 430; New York, C. & St. L. R. R. v. Niebel, 6 Cir., 214 F. 952. Furthermore, if negligence of the carrier causes the injury, "in whole or in part," the employee "shall not be held to have assumed the risks of his employment." 45 U.S.C.A. § 54. To succeed, the injured party must show a breach of duty owed by defendant to him in respect to the place where he was injured, and injuries resulting "in whole or in part" proximately from such breach. Delaware, L. & W. R. R. v. Koske, 279 U.S. 7, 49 S.Ct. 202, 73 L.Ed. 578.

Issues dependent on the credibility of witnesses, and the effect or weight of evidence, are for the jury. Where uncertainty as to negligence arises from a conflict in testimony, the question is not one of law, but of fact. Gunning v. Cooley, 281 U.S. 90, 50 S.Ct. 231, 74 L.Ed. 720; Richmond & Danville, R. R. v. Powers, 149 U.S. 43, 13 S.Ct. 748, 37 L.Ed. 642. Thus, if there is substantial evidence to support the verdict, we may not substitute our judgment. Lumbra v. United States, 290 U.S. 551, 54 S.Ct. 272, 78 L.Ed. 492; Columbian Nat. Life Ins. Co. v. Comfort, 8 Cir., 84 F.2d 291.

There was evidence that plaintiff was under King's direction and that his work was controlled by King. Indeed, the term "mechanic's helper" implies that plaintiff, in the absence of all other vice-principals, was under the supervision of the mechanic. Plaintiff's evidence tended to prove also that the accident was due to the action of residual steam remaining in the cylinder after the valves were shut off and exerting such pressure on the piston as to turn the screw when the obstruction was loosened and that the danger of such an occurrence could have been averted by the opening of draincocks in the cylinder thereby releasing the residuary steam. King admitted that he was aware of the possible consequences of the situation and that he did nothing to avert them and did not warn plaintiff of the danger or that the screw might move if the obstruction was removed. See New York, C. & St. L. v. Niebel, 6 Cir., 214 F. 952. In addition, plaintif...