Amsterdam v. Triangle Publications, Civ. A. No. 8422.

Decision Date25 September 1950
Docket NumberCiv. A. No. 8422.
Citation93 F. Supp. 79
PartiesAMSTERDAM v. TRIANGLE PUBLICATIONS, Inc.
CourtU.S. District Court — Eastern District of Pennsylvania

Joseph G. Denny, Jr., of Philadelphia, Pa., for plaintiff.

Harold E. Kohn, of Paxson, Kalish, Dilworth & Green, of Philadelphia, Pa., for defendant.

BARD, District Judge.

This is a civil action to recover damages for the infringement of a copyright of a map and for counsel fees. On the basis of the pleadings and the testimony, I make the following special

Findings of Fact.

1. The plaintiff is Lewis L. Amsterdam, trading as the Franklin Survey Co., a citizen and resident of Pennsylvania.

2. The defendant is Triangle Publications, Inc., a corporation which is doing business in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

3. This action is brought under the Copyright Act of March 4, 1909, c. 320, § 1 et seq., 35 Stat. 1075, as amended, 17 U.S. C.A. § 1 et seq.

4. The plaintiff is a publisher of maps.

5. The defendant is the publisher of The Philadelphia Inquirer (hereinafter called Inquirer), a daily newspaper.

6. In 1932 the plaintiff published a map 32 ½" × 26 ¾" entitled "Map of Delaware County, Pa."

7. In 1932 this map was entered with the Registrar of Copyrights, Washington, D. C.

8. The plaintiff complied with all requirements for registration of this map. On December 5, 1932 a copyright, Class F, No. 5259, was issued to the Franklin Survey Co.

9. The plaintiff retains all right, title and interest in and to this copyright.

10. To make this map, the plaintiff studied every map of Delaware County that he could find.

11. Neither the plaintiff nor anyone on his behalf made any actual surveys or investigations of any roads, county lines, township lines, creeks, rivers or railroad lines. All this information was obtained from other maps in the plaintiff's possession or in the possession of the township and municipal authorities.

12. The state highway route numbers were obtained from the State Highway Department.

13. With the exception of the names of a few very small secondary roads, which were obtained from the real estate developers,1 all information shown on the plaintiff's map came from maps already in existence, although none of this information had been published previously on any one map.

14. The plaintiff spent considerable time and effort to assemble and prepare this information for publication but did very little, if any, original work.

15. On January 13, 1946 the defendant published a map 19 ½" × 12 ¼" entitled "Map of Delaware County". This map was published on the front page of the Everybody's Weekly section of the Sunday Inquirer.

16. The defendant's map was one of a series of historical maps and accompanying articles relating to the four counties adjoining Philadelphia County — Bucks, Chester, Delaware and Montgomery Counties. This map was published solely as part of that issue of the Inquirer, and has never been published or sold as a separate map.

17. To make its map, the defendant photographed the plaintiff's map knowing that the plaintiff's map was registered under the Copyright Act, and used this photograph as its base map.

18. The defendant deleted from the plaintiff's map the street plans of the City of Chester, the Boro of Media and Upper Darby Township. The defendant also omitted the legend of markings used by the plaintiff, the census and statistics of Delaware County, the index to unincorporated places and the index to golf and country clubs.

19. The defendant added a picture of St. David's Church, Radnor, Pennsylvania, a scroll containing the title of the map, deep blue circles containing numbers from 1 to 20 to indicate various historic sites along with an accompanying legend.

20. The coloring and emphasis on the defendant's map are different from those on the plaintiff's map in the following respects:

(a) The principal roads are a bright red on the defendant's map and a pale yellow on the plaintiff's map;

(b) The creeks and rivers are a deep blue on the defendant's map and a pale blue or thin black lines on the plaintiff's map; and

(c) The townships and boros are subordinated on the defendant's map but are greatly accentuated on the plaintiff's map.

21. The plaintiff's map is a detailed road map of Delaware County which emphasizes the various townships and boros. The defendant's map emphasizes equally the principal roads and waterways in Delaware County and the twenty historical sites; its map de-emphasizes the townships, boros and minor roads.

22. The information shown on each map, without regard to coloring or emphasis, is identical.

23. The defendant's map is a photographic copy of the plaintiff's map.

24. The plaintiff had 5000 copies of his map printed with notice of the copyright thereon.

25. The plaintiff sells his map for $1 per copy. Since 1940 the plaintiff has sold very few, if any, of these maps.

26. The plaintiff charges $1 to $5 for the privilege of reproducing a copyrighted map in small numbers. Since 1940 the plaintiff has permitted few, if any, such reproductions.

27. The defendant printed 1,167,500 copies of the January 13, 1946 issue of the Inquirer, which included a like number of copies of its map.

28. The defendant sold 1,149,471 copies of that issue of the Inquirer for an average price of $.0835 per copy. The total net revenue received from such sales, over and above the total expenses for that issue, was $63,686.90.

29. That issue of the Inquirer contained 112 pages. There is no way of allocating a proportion of the net revenue to each page.

30. On its map the defendant gave the plaintiff the following credit line: "Base Map © Franklin Survey Co."

31. This credit line appeared on all copies of the defendant's map except less than 1%. It had been inadvertently omitted from the rotary press cylinders that printed the maps. Although proof readers immediately discovered that this credit line was missing, 200 to 10,000 copies had been printed before the presses were stopped. Thereafter, all copies of the defendant's map carried this credit line.

32. The plaintiff waited twenty-seven months before filing this suit for copyright infringement.

33. This delay did prejudice the defendant in that a key witness for the defendant died one month before the trial of this case.

34. This delay was not unreasonable.

35. The defendant did not prove that the plaintiff, or any of his agents had given the defendant permission to reproduce the plaintiff's map of Delaware County. Therefore, the plaintiff did not consent to such reproduction.

Discussion.

The only facts that I think necessitate comment are Facts 10 to 14, inclusive.

The issue raised by these facts is whether the plaintiff did sufficient original work to entitle his map to copyright protection.

To be copyrightable a map must be the result of some original work. Andrews v. Guenther Pub. Co., D.C., 60 F.2d 555, 557; General Drafting Co., Inc. v. Andrews et al., 2 Cir., 37 F.2d 54, 56; 34 Am.Jur. 454-455;...

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2 cases
  • U.S. v. Hamilton
    • United States
    • United States Courts of Appeals. United States Court of Appeals (9th Circuit)
    • October 5, 1978
    ...a new combination of information already in the public domain lacks any element worthy of copyright protection. Amsterdam v. Triangle Publications, 93 F.Supp. 79 (E.D.Pa.1950), Aff'd on opinion below, 189 F.2d 104 (3rd Cir. 1951). The Amsterdam court stated that a map may not be put under c......
  • Amsterdam v. Triangle Publications, 10340
    • United States
    • United States Courts of Appeals. United States Court of Appeals (3rd Circuit)
    • May 25, 1951

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