Wade v. Aikens
| Decision Date | 29 May 1991 |
| Docket Number | No. 90-3118,90-3118 |
| Citation | 935 F.2d 272 |
| Parties | UNPUBLISHED DISPOSITION NOTICE: Seventh Circuit Rule 53(b)(2) states unpublished orders shall not be cited or used as precedent except to support a claim of res judicata, collateral estoppel or law of the case in any federal court within the circuit. Michael E. WADE, Plaintiff/Appellant, v. James AIKENS, Commissioner, Department of Corrections, John Nunn, Director, Adult Institutions and Norman Owens, Director, Classification, et al., Defendants/Appellees. |
| Court | U.S. Court of Appeals — Seventh Circuit |
Before CUMMINGS, POSNER and MANION, Circuit Judges.
Michael Wade appeals pro se from the district court's grant of summary judgment for the defendants. For the following reasons we affirm. 1
Michael Wade is an inmate at the Indiana State Prison. Wade began serving a life-sentence in 1978 for inflicting injury during the commission of a robbery and in 1988 he received a minimum security classification, permitting him to be housed in the K Dormitory 2 (now called the Lakeside Correctional Unit), located outside the Indiana State Prison's main security area. On March 12, 1990, the defendants transferred Wade from the K Dormitory to a maximum security unit inside the walls of the Indiana State prison, apparently increasing his minimum security classification to a maximum security classification. Wade did not receive notice of or a hearing concerning the change in his security classification and his subsequent transfer. There is no suggestion that the defendants increased Wade's security classification and transferred him for disciplinary reasons. Wade filed an amended complaint under 42 U.S.C. Sec. 1983 against several prison officials for allegedly violating his constitutional rights when they took away his minimum security status and transferred him to a maximum security unit without due process of law and in retaliation for his filing a tort claim against the prison. The district court granted summary judgment for the defendants.
This court reviews the district court's grant of summary judgment de novo and will affirm only "if ... there is no genuine issue as to any material fact ... and the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law." Trautvetter v. Quick, 916 F.2d 1140, 1147 (7th Cir.1990) (quoting Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, 477 U.S. 242, 248 (1986)). When reviewing the grant of summary judgment we draw all reasonable inferences in the light most favorable to the non-movant. Randle v. LaSalle Telecommunications Inc., 876 F.2d 563, 567 (7th Cir.1989).
Initially, we note that there is nothing in the record to support Wade's contention that the district court ignored his amended complaint and affidavit in ruling on defendants' motion for summary judgment. Moreover, our de novo review of the record convinces us that the district court properly granted defendants' motion for summary judgment.
Wade argues that he has a liberty interest in retaining his minimum security classification and that the defendants violated his due process rights by increasing his minimum security status without notice or a hearing. The protections of the due process clause are triggered by the existence of a life, liberty, or property interest which constitutes a "legitimate claim of entitlement." Kentucky Dept. of Corrections v. Thompson, 490 U.S. 454, 460 (1989); Russ v. Young, 895 F.2d 1149, 1152 (7th Cir.1989). A protected liberty interest may originate from the due process clause itself or state law may create a protected liberty interest. Id.
Indiana prisoners possess no liberty interest in their security classifications. See Kincaid v. Duckworth, 689 F.2d 702, 704 (7th Cir.1982), cert. denied, 461 U.S. 946 (1983). Wade contends that Indiana Code Section 11-10-1-6, addressing annual review of an inmate's classification and assignment, creates an enforceable liberty interest in a prisoner classification status. But a state-created procedural right does not, in itself, create a protectible liberty interest. See Shango v. Jurich, 681 F.2d 1091, 1101 (7th Cir.1982). Section 11-10-1-6 sets forth a non-exhaustive list of factors for prison officials to consider when classifying inmates, but it does not impose any substantive limits on official discretion in classifying inmates or mandate any particular outcome. As such, it is insufficient to create a constitutionally protected liberty interest in security classifications.
Wade argues that Indiana Department of Corrections Rules IV and V () limit the discretion of prison officials in classifying and assigning inmates, thus creating a liberty interest. Because Wade provides no statutory authority creating a liberty interest in security classifications, these rules, standing alone, do not provide Wade with a protectible liberty interest in his minimum security classification. See Mathews v. Fairman, 779 F.2d 409, 413 (7th Cir.1985). Moreover, these rules do not any place any substantive limits on official discretion. Accordingly, the reclassification of Wade's security status need not comply with the due process clause requirements.
Wade also challenges his transfer from the K Dormitory to a unit within the Indiana State Prison as being violative of due process because he did not receive a notice of or a hearing on the transfer. The due process clause, in itself, does not give prisoners a liberty interest in remaining in a particular placement within an institution. Russ, 895 F.2d at 1153. Indiana Code Section 11-10-1-6 does not give rise to a protected liberty interest in remaining in a particular assignment within the Indiana Prison System because, as stated earlier, it contains merely procedural guidelines. See Russ, 895 F.2d at 1153.
Wade argues that Executive Directive 89-20, discussing the revised offender placement criteria for the K Dormitory, gave him a protected liberty interest in remaining in the K Dormitory. It states in pertinent part that "[o]ffenders already living at K Dormitory may remain in K Dormitory based on continuing good conduct, work performance, and adjustment." Wade contends that because he has an excellent work record and has no conduct reports or adjustment problems he has a protected interest in remaining in the K Dormitory. Even assuming that Executive Directive 89-20 has the force of a regulation, standing alone, it does not create a liberty interest in remaining in a particular unit within the prison. Moreover, it imposes no substantive limitations on official discretion in classifying or transferring inmates. See Williams v....
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