McKinney v. Anderson

• Decision Date: 27 March 1992
• Docket Number: No. 89-16589,89-16589
• Citation: 959 F.2d 853
• Parties: William McKINNEY, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. Pat ANDERSON, Carol Ployer, H.L. Whitley, George W. Sumner, John Nye, Defendants-Appellees.
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — Ninth Circuit

Page 853

959 F.2d 853

60 USLW 2668

William McKINNEY, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. Pat ANDERSON, Carol Ployer, H.L. Whitley, George W. Sumner John Nye, Defendants-Appellees.

No. 89-16589.

United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit.

March 27, 1992.

On Remand from the United States Supreme Court.

Before BROWNING, PREGERSON and TROTT, Circuit Judges.

William McKinney, a Nevada state prisoner, filed a pro se civil rights complaint under 42 U.S.C. § 1983. This court affirmed in part, reversed in part, and remanded. McKinney v. Anderson, 924 F.2d 1500 (9th Cir.), vacated and remanded sub nom., Helling v. McKinney, --- U.S. ----, 112 S.Ct. 291, 116 L.Ed.2d 236 (1991). Anderson appealed our decision. The Supreme Court granted certiorari, vacated the judgment, and remanded the case for further consideration in light of its decision in Wilson v. Seiter, --- U.S. ----, 111 S.Ct. 2321, 115 L.Ed.2d 271 (1991). Helling v. McKinney, --- U.S. ----, 112 S.Ct. 291, 116 L.Ed.2d 236 (1991). We reinstate our decision and remand for further proceedings consistent with it and with Seiter.

In McKinney we held that it is cruel and unusual punishment to house a prisoner in an environment that exposes him to environmental tobacco smoke ("ETS") at such levels and under such circumstances that it poses an unreasonable risk of harm to his health. McKinney, 924 F.2d at 1503-1504. We reversed and remanded for further proceedings on McKinney's Eighth Amendment claim to allow him an opportunity to present evidence on the level and degree of his exposure to ETS and on whether that degree of exposure is sufficient to create an unreasonable risk of harm to his health. Id. at 1509. Although we held that McKinney had stated a cause of action for injunctive relief, we found that he was not entitled to damages on that cause of action because the defendants were entitled to qualified immunity as a matter of law. Id. We also held that Nevada's anti-smoking law applies to prison libraries and remanded for further equitable proceedings. Id. at 1510.

We affirmed the directed verdict for the defendants' on the issue of their alleged deliberate indifference to McKinney's serious existing medical needs. Id. at 1511. We also affirmed the denial of McKinney's motion for a trial transcript to be produced at the Government's expense. Id. at 1512.

On remand from the Supreme Court we are asked to consider the effect of Seiter on McKinney. The issue in Seiter was "whether a prisoner claiming that conditions of confinement constitute cruel and unusual punishment must show a culpable state of mind on the part of prison officials and, if so, what state of mind is required." Seiter, 111 S.Ct. at 2322. The Court held that "[i]f the pain inflicted is not formally meted out as punishment by the statute or the sentencing judge, some mental element must be attributed to the inflicting officer before it can qualify" as a violation of the Eighth Amendment. Id. at 2325. The Court held that the appropriate standard is "deliberate indifference." Id. at 2327. In reaching its decision, the Court discussed its previous decision in Rhodes v. Chapman, 452 U.S. 337, 101 S.Ct. 2392, 69 L.Ed.2d 59 (1981). The Court noted that its decision in Rhodes "turned on the objective component of an Eighth Amendment prison claim (was the deprivation sufficiently serious?), and ... did not consider the subjective component (did the officials act with a sufficiently culpable state of mind?)." Seiter, 111 S.Ct. at 2324. Thus, in Seiter the Court expands the requirements for an Eighth Amendment claim by adding a subjective component.

The Court's...