Waisome v. Port Authority of New York and New Jersey

• Decision Date: 30 July 1993
• Docket Number: Nos. 1321,D,1322,s. 1321
• Citation: 999 F.2d 711
• Parties: 62 Fair Empl.Prac.Cas. (BNA) 728, 62 Empl. Prac. Dec. P 42,510 Felix WAISOME, Freddie McMillian, Richard B. Keith, Robert L. Bethea, Ellsworth Corum, Jr., Hilary King, Roderick W. Upshur, Albert Gachett, George Bayley, Hilary A. King, William Preyer, Esq., and Leonard Williams on behalf of themselves and all those similarly situated, Plaintiffs-Appellees, v. PORT AUTHORITY OF NEW YORK AND NEW JERSEY, Board of Commissioners, Stephen Berger and Henry Degeneste, Defendants-Appellees, The Port Authority Police Benevolent Association, Incorporated, Defendant-Appellant, Nicholas A. Tagarelli, Charles Torres, Michael Palermo, Anthony Fitzgerald, Frank Heekin & Kenneth Yeglinski, Intervenor-Defendants-Appellants. ockets 92-9093L, 92-9171CON.
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — Second Circuit

Page 711

999 F.2d 711

62 Fair Empl.Prac.Cas. (BNA) 728,

62 Empl. Prac. Dec. P 42,510

Felix WAISOME, Freddie McMillian, Richard B. Keith, Robert L. Bethea, Ellsworth Corum, Jr., Hilary King, Roderick W Upshur, Albert Gachett, George Bayley, Hilary A. King William Preyer, Esq., and Leonard Williams on behalf of themselves and all those similarly situated, Plaintiffs-Appellees, v. PORT AUTHORITY OF NEW YORK AND NEW JERSEY, Board of Commissioners, Stephen Berger and Henry Degeneste Defendants-Appellees The Port Authority Police Benevolent Association, Incorporated, Defendant-Appellant, Nicholas A. Tagarelli, Charles Torres, Michael Palermo, Anthony Fitzgerald, Frank Heekin & Kenneth Yeglinski, Intervenor-Defendants-Appellants.

Nos. 1321, 1322, Dockets 92-9093L, 92-9171CON.

United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit.

Argued May 17, 1993.

Decided July 30, 1993.

Anthony Cornachio, Mineola, NY (Michael C. Axelrod, Axelrod Cornachio & Famighetti, of counsel), for defendant-appellant The Port Authority Police Benevolent Ass'n, Inc.

Dennis J. Alessi, Newark, NJ (Fox and Fox, of counsel), for intervenor-defendants-appellants.

Eric Schnapper, New York City (Elaine R. Jones, NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund, Inc., Lowell Johnston, of counsel), for plaintiffs-appellees.

Carlene V. McIntyre, New York City (Milton H. Pachter, Arthur P. Berg, Philip A. Maurer, James Begley, of counsel), for defendants-appellees The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey.

Before: WINTER and JACOBS, Circuit Judges, and MUKASEY, District Judge. ^*

WINTER, Circuit Judge:

A defendant union and various intervening defendant police officers appeal from Judge Duffy's order approving a Consent Decree resolving two related employment discrimination cases. The complaints in the two cases claimed the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey administered promotional examinations that had disparate impacts on black officers in violation of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 as amended 42 U.S.C. §§ 2000e et seq. ("Title VII"). The Consent Decree was signed only by the plaintiffs and the Port Authority.

In this consolidated appeal, we conclude that the union lacks standing to raise a claim that affects only members of the plaintiff class. We dismiss that portion of the union's appeal. We also conclude that the union's claim that the Consent Decree violates its collective bargaining agreement with the Port Authority lacks merit and affirm on that portion of the union's appeal. The intervening police officers have passed a promotional examination and seek to have the resultant promotions list extended to continue their eligibility for promotion. We reverse in part and order the extension of the expired 1990 list of officers eligible for promotions.

BACKGROUND

The Port Authority is an agency created by the State of New York and the State of New Jersey for the operation, administration and protection of Kennedy and LaGuardia Airports, bridges, roads, tunnels, and other terminal facilities in New York and New Jersey. It employs its own police force. During 1986 and early 1987, the Port Authority administered a three-part examination to police officers seeking promotion to the position of sergeant. In 1987, officers with passing scores were placed in rank order based on their scores on a list of candidates eligible for promotion ("the 1987 List"). As sergeant vacancies opened during the following three years, positions were filled by the officer with the highest ranking score on the 1987 List.

During 1990, the Port Authority administered another examination to various police officers seeking promotions to the position of sergeant. Passing candidates were placed on a 1990 promotion-eligible list ("the 1990 List"), also ranked by score. The 1990 List was scheduled to be in effect from October 1990 through October 15, 1992.

Plaintiffs Felix Waisome, Freddie McMillian, Richard B. Keith, Robert L. Bethea, Ellsworth Corum, Jr., Hilary King, and Roderick W. Upshur are black officers who took the 1986-87 promotional examination. They brought a class action ("Waisome I ") on behalf of themselves and others similarly situated pursuant to Title VII. The defendants were the Port Authority, its Executive Director, its Board of Commissioners, the Superintendent of Police, and the Port Authority Police Benevolent Association, Inc. (the "PBA"), the bargaining representative of the Port Authority police officers. The complaint alleged, inter alia, that the examination had an adverse disparate impact upon black officers.

When plaintiffs moved for class certification and partial summary judgment on liability, the Port Authority cross-moved for summary judgment. The plaintiffs offered statistical evidence indicating that the examination had a disproportionately adverse impact on black officers. The district court certified the plaintiff class and denied the plaintiffs' partial summary judgment motion. It granted the cross-motion for summary judgment on the ground that the plaintiffs had failed to make a prima facie showing that the examination had a disparate impact on black police officers. On appeal, however, we reversed, holding that summary judgment was inappropriate because the plaintiffs had proffered "statistical evidence in th[e] record evidenc[ing] a disparity significant enough to suggest a violation of Title VII." Waisome v. Port Authority, 948 F.2d 1370, 1372 (2d Cir.1991).

While Waisome I was pending, plaintiffs Albert Gachett, George Bayley, Hilary A. King, William Preyer, and Leonard Williams, also black officers, brought a second class action ("Waisome II "), claiming that the 1990 examination and the resultant 1990 List also violated Title VII because they had an unlawful disparate impact upon black officers. ¹

The 1990 List was suspended in November 1991 because of the pending litigation, and the Port Authority ceased making promotions. The suspension affected non-black police officers eligible for promotion, including Nicholas A. Tagarelli, Charles Torres, Michael Palermo, Anthony Fitzgerald, and Kenneth Yeglinski. Tagarelli and other officers eligible for promotion from the 1990 List ("Intervenors") were permitted to intervene as defendants in Waisome II and were granted intervenor status.

Plaintiffs and the Port Authority entered into negotiations. On June 17, 1992, they reached a settlement embodied in a Consent Decree that resolved both Waisome cases and that is at issue on this appeal. According to the agreement, five black officers who passed the 1986-87 examination were to be promoted based upon seniority, not the rank of their examination score. Two black officers who passed the 1990 examination were to be promoted based upon their seniority. The next five vacancies were to be awarded to candidates on the 1990 List based upon rank order, with the sixth vacancy filled by the next most senior black candidate on the 1990 List. Thereafter, one black officer from the 1990 List was to be promoted to fill every seventh vacancy based upon the officer's rank order. The Consent Decree also requires the Port Authority to pay plaintiffs' counsel, the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund, Inc., $250,000 in connection with the 1987 List and $8,000 in connection with the 1990 List. The money is to be distributed among those plaintiffs on the respective lists who do not receive promotions. The Consent Decree did not contain a provision regarding extension of the 1990 List, which, by its terms, was due to expire on October 15, 1992.

Judge Duffy held a fairness hearing regarding the Consent Decree. On September 24, 1992, he approved the Consent Decree. His brief final order read as follows:

In approving a consent decree in a job discrimination case, no court can expect to satisfy completely any of the litigants or the members of the class. The decree can only achieve rough justice and equity in a human way. Recognizing, as I do, that I am so constrained in the instant matter, I have determined that the most just solution upon consideration of all the circumstances can only be achieved by signing the consent decree. While its imperfections have been disclosed to me, the overall injustices which would flow from failing to act this way impel me to sign the decree and direct that it be filed forthwith by the clerk of this court.

Since time may realistically be of the essence, no stay pending appeal will be granted.

After the Consent Decree was approved, five black officers were promoted from the 1987 List. Thereafter, on October 9, 1992, the 1990 List's suspension was lifted and promotions were made from it until it was deemed expired on October 15, 1992. In total, the 1990 List was in effect for roughly fourteen months and thirty-two officers received promotions from it, ten of whom were promoted prior to the List's suspension. Since the 1990 List's expiration, there has been no valid eligible list from which new sergeants can be appointed.

DISCUSSION

Both the PBA and the Intervenors appeal from the approval of the Consent Decree.

1. The PBA's Appeal

The PBA's appeal is a narrow one. It does not challenge the provision for promotions based on racial criteria. Instead, it objects only to the distribution plan for monetary relief to class members who are not promoted and to the selection of minority officers for promotion on the basis of seniority rather than rank order as purportedly required by the collective bargaining agreement.

However, the PBA lacks standing to object to the distribution plan. The standing requirement is derived from Article III. The Supreme Court has explained that:

Art[icle] III requires the party who invokes the court's authority to "show that he personally has suffered some actual or threatened injury as a result of the putatively illegal conduct of the defendant," and that the injury "fairly can be traced to the challenged action" and "is likely to be redressed by a favorable decision."

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