Abbott v. State

• Decision Date: 18 April 1947
• Docket Number: 103.
• Citation: 52 A.2d 489,188 Md. 310
• Parties: ABBOTT v. STATE.
• Court: Maryland Court of Appeals

52 A.2d 489

188 Md. 310

ABBOTT v. STATE.

No. 103.

Court of Appeals of Maryland

April 18, 1947

Appeal from Circuit Court, Dorchester County; W. Laird Henry, Chief Judge, and Levin C. Bailey and Edmond H. Johnson, Judges.

Ross J Abbott was convicted of first degree murder, and he appeals.

Appeal dismissed.

Melvin S. Silberg and Lawrence E. Williams, both of Baltimore, for appellant.

J Edgar Harvey, Asst. Atty. Gen. (Hall Hammond, Atty. Gen Prentiss W. Evans, State's Atty. for Somerset County, of Crisfield, and Calvin Harrington, Jr., State's Atty. for Dorchester County, of Cambridge, on the brief), for appellee.

Before MARBURY, C.J., and DELAPLAINE, COLLINS, GRASON, HENDERSON, and MARKELL, JJ.

HENDERSON, Judge.

This appeal is from a judgment of the Circuit Court for Dorchester County, in a case removed from Somerset County, wherein the appellant was found guilty of murder in the first degree and sentenced to be hanged, after he had pleaded guilty, generally, to an indictment for murder. The appellant contends that the evidence produced before the court did not establish murder in the first degree beyond a reasonable doubt, and asks this court to find that he was guilty of murder in the second degree. The State contends, on the other hand, that the finding was fully supported by the evidence, but that in any event this Court is not authorized to review the evidence to determine the degree of murder after a plea of guilty.

§ 475, art. 27 of the Code, ch. 138, Acts of 1809, provides that 'all murder which shall be perpetrated by means of poison, or lying in wait, or by any kind of wilful, deliberate and premeditated killing shall be murder in the first degree.' § 479 provides that 'All other kinds of murder shall be deemed murder in the second degree'. These sections do not create new offenses, but merely divide the common law crime, and mitigate the punishment in cases of the second degree. Davis v. State, 39 Md. 355. § 480 provides that 'the jury before whom any person indicted for murder shall be tried shall if they find such person guilty thereof ascertain in their verdict whether it be murder in the first or second degree; but if such person be convicted by confession, the court shall proceed, by examination of witnesses, to determine the degree of the crime, and to give sentence accordingly * * *.' Such provisions are not uncommon, and have been held not to violate the requirements of due process. Hallinger v. Davis, 146 U.S. 314, 13 S.Ct. 105, 36 L.Ed. 986.

There were no objections taken to any action of the trial court, no motions were made, and there are no rulings of the trial court before us for review. After the plea of guilty, the Court heard evidence produced by counsel for the State and the accused as to the circumstances under which a young girl was shot three times by her rejected suitor on the beach at Deal's Island. The appellant contends that the evidence was legally insufficient to show that the killing was deliberate and premeditated, and that the court's determination of the degree of the crime, in the exercise of its statutory duty, is erroneous and reviewable, although he concedes that the legal sufficiency of evidence to convict and determine the degree of the crime would not have been reviewable if the trial had been before a jury, or by the court sitting as a jury, on a plea of not guilty.

It is settled law in Maryland that this Court will not pass upon the legal sufficiency of evidence to convict in a criminal case, where the case is tried before a jury. Brack v. State, Md., 51 A.2d 171; Simmons v. State, 165 Md. 155, 176, 167 A. 60; Bloomer v. State, 48 Md. 521, 538. The rule was formulated, in the absence of other provision by statute, as a corollary to the Constitutional provision, § 5, art. 15, Constitution of 1867; § 5, art. 10, Constitution of 1851, declaring that in criminal cases the jury shall be the judges of the law as well as the fact. The appellate court in Indiana reached an opposite conclusion, under an identical Constitutional provision adopted in the same year (1851). Trainer v. State, 198 Ind. 502, 154 N.E. 273. Our provision was said to have been merely declaratory of the preexisting law. Franklin v. State, 1858, 12 Md. 236; Compare State v. Buchanan, 1821, 5 Har. & J. 317, 9 Am.Dec. 534. For a summary of the authorities dealing with the doctrine, see Sparf v. United States, 156 U.S. 51, 751, 15 S.Ct. 273, 39 L.Ed. 343, and Howe, 52 Harvard Law Review 582.

It is also settled law in this State that an accused may elect to be tried by the court without a jury. Rose v. State, 177 Md. 577, 10 A.2d 617; Rawlings v. State, 2 Md. 201, 214. In such event, our statute provides that the court shall 'try the law and the facts'. Code, art. 27, § 636, ch. 144, Acts of 1809; compare, ch. 57, Acts of 1793. By analogy to the Constitutional provision, as construed, it has been repeatedly held that this Court will not pass upon the legal sufficiency of evidence to convict in a criminal case, where the case is tried before the court. Demby & Peters v. State, Md., 48 A.2d 586; Bright v. State, 183 Md. 308, 38 A.2d 96; Smith v. State, 182 Md. 176, 188, 32 A.2d 863; Meyerson v. State, 181 Md. 105, 28 A.2d 833; Berger v. State, 179 Md. 410, 20 A.2d 146; Folb v. State, 169 Md. 209, 211, 181 A. 225. Compare Bernard v. Warden, Md., 49 A.2d 737. These decisions stem from a dictum in the case of League v. State, 36 Md. 257; but see Davidson v. State, 77 Md. 388, 26 A. 415.

We find nothing in the language of § 480 of art. 27, ch. 138, Acts of 1809, quoted above, to indicate an intention on the part of the legislature to make reviewable by this court a finding of the trial court as...