Adoption of Biery, In re, 12617

• Decision Date: 03 June 1974
• Docket Number: No. 12617,12617
• Citation: 522 P.2d 1377,164 Mont. 353,31 St.Rep. 461
• Parties: In the Matter of the ADOPTION OF Dwayne BIERY, a minor child.
• Court: Montana Supreme Court

Page 1377

522 P.2d 1377

164 Mont. 353

In the Matter of the ADOPTION OF Dwayne BIERY, a minor child.

No. 12617.

Supreme Court of Montana.

Submitted April 23, 1974.

Decided June 3, 1974.

Kelly & Carr, Miles City, Patrick J. Kelly argued, Miles City, for appellant.

William F. Meisburg, County Atty., argued, Forsyth, for respondent.

HASWELL, Justice.

This is an appeal by the natural mother of a minor child from an order of the district court of Rosebud county declaring that her minor child remain in the custody of and be adopted by the petitioners.

The mother, Mayleen (Biery) Anderson, and Criss Harold Biery were married on December 4, 1966. Todd Dwayne Biery was born as lawful issue of said marriage. The father and mother were divorced on September 4, 1968. Under the terms of the divorce decree, the father was awarded custody of the minor child with reasonable visitation rights in the mother. On February 25, 1969, the mother sought to have the decree of divorce modified to enable her to have the custody of said child. That petition was denied and custody remained with the father.

The father maintained custody of the child in the home of his sister and brother-in-law, Katherine Berdahl and Benny O. Berdahl, the petitioners and respondents herein, until the accidental death of the father, Criss Harold Biery, on February 20, 1973.

A week later the respondents petitioned the district court of Rosebud County for temporary custody of the minor child and further petitioned the court for adoption. An order to show cause why custody should not be granted to the petitioners was issued to the mother, Mayleen (Biery) Anderson. Subsequently a hearing thereon was held on March 5, 1973, and on April 23, 1973, a trial was had on the respondent's petition to adopt.

The district court ordered both petitioners' and the natural mother's homes to be investigated by the welfare department. Both homes were found suitable by the welfare department and notice of this was made in the court's findings of fact and conclusions of law. The district court also made findings of fact:

'VI. That Respondent, although denied custody of this child on two occasions by this Court, has subsequently married; lives in Grand Forks, North Dakota; desires to obtain custody of said child; has a suitable home for the raising of the child; and is joined in her request by her present husband.

'* * *

'VIII. That Respondent has testified that her life style has changed; that she now is mature enough to raise the child; that such testimony is supported by an expert witness and is in no way contradicted by evidence produced by Petitioners.

'IX. That said child has benefited from the stable home, of petitioners, which he has been living in for the past four and one-half years.'

and conclusions of law:

'VII. That it would be for the best interests of the child, Todd Dwayne Biery, to remain in the custody of, and be adopted by the petitioners.'

The district court directed that a final decree of adoption be entered which was done on September 4, 1973.

The mother now appeals from the order of the district court granting permanent custody and adoption to petitioners.

Two issues are presented for review:

(1) Did the district court abuse its discretion in awarding permanent custody to respondents?

(2) Did the district court err in granting respondents' petition to adopt?

Directing our attention to the first issue, we note that this Court has consistently looked to the best interests of the child in determining custody. McCullough v. McCullough, 159 Mont. 419, 498 P.2d 1189; Simon v. Simon, 154 Mont. 193, 461 P.2d 851; Haynes v. Fillner, 106 Mont. 59, 75 P.2d 802. In awarding the custody of a minor, section 91-4515(1) specifically provides that the court is to be guided:

'By what appears to be for the best interests of the child in respect to its temporal and its mental and moral welfare * * *.'

The parent's right to the custody of her minor child is not an absolute one, even though it be conceded that she is a fit and proper person. In all such cases the crucial factor is the child's welfare, both material and psychological, considering in particular the ties of affection the child has formed and the consequences of breaking those ties. It is apparent that the district court took into consideration the fact that the child had lived with the petitioners the past four and one-half years, and that he had adapted to those surroundings. To remove the child from familiar surroundings might cause emotional disorientation in addition to that already caused by the death of his father. It is clear from the record that the relationship between petitioners and the child is extremely close. For these reasons the district court concluded that it would be in the child's best interests to remain with petitioners.

What is, or what is not in the best interests of the child depends upon the facts and circumstances of each case. The responsibility of deciding custody is a delicate one which is lodged with the district court. The judgment hearing oral testimony in such a controversy has a superior advantage in determining the same, and his decision ought not to be disturbed except upon a clear showing of abuse of discretion. McCullough v. McCullough, 159 Mont. 419, 498 P.2d 1189; Anderson v. Anderson, 145 Mont. 244, 400 P.2d 632.

We find substantial credible evidence supporting the decision here and accordingly no abuse of discretion in awarding custody to petitioners. Thus we affirm that part of the district court's order.

The second issue presented for review presents a more difficult problem. The laws of Montana relating to the adoption of a minor child are found in section 61-201 et seq., R.C.M.1947. Of particular importance to this issue is section 61-205, R.C.M.1947, requiring consent of a natural parent of a child sought to be adopted unless one of the exceptions set forth in this statute is met. The exceptions excusing consent are set out with particularity:

'An adoption of a child may be decreed when there have been filed written consents to adoption executed by:

'(1) Both parents, if living, or the surviving parent, of a legitimate child; provided, that consent shall not be required from a father or mother,

'(a) adjudged guilty by a court of competent jurisdiction of physical cruelty toward said child; or,

'(b) adjudged to be an habitual drunkard or,

'(c) who has been judicially deprived of the custody of the child...