Allen v. Allen

• Decision Date: 30 September 1982
• Docket Number: No. 13981,13981
• Citation: 651 P.2d 1296,1982 NMSC 118,98 N.M. 652
• Parties: Sandra ALLEN, Petitioner-Appellant, v. Weldon R. ALLEN, Respondent-Appellee.
• Court: New Mexico Supreme Court

Page 1296

651 P.2d 1296

98 N.M. 652

Sandra ALLEN, Petitioner-Appellant, v. Weldon R. ALLEN, Respondent-Appellee.

No. 13981.

Supreme Court of New Mexico.

Sept. 30, 1982.

Pearlman & Diamond, David H. Pearlman, Joseph B. Zucht, Albuquerque, for appellant

No appearance for appellee.

OPINION

RIORDAN, Justice.

Sandra Allen (Appellant) petitioned the trial court for a dissolution of her remarriage to Weldon R. Allen (Appellee) and for a division of their property. Thereafter, she amended her petition to request an annulment. The trial court denied the annulment and granted a divorce. The trial court also found Appellee liable on arrearages for unpaid child support that accrued between the parties' first and second marriages. We affirm in part and reverse in part.

The issues on appeal are:

I. Whether the trial court erred in concluding that a valid marriage existed and in denying the annulment.

II. Whether the trial court committed reversible error by determining that Appellee owned a one-half ( 1/2) community property interest in property owned by the parties.

III. Whether the trial court erred in failing to determine the amount of child support arrearages.

IV. Whether the trial court erred in refusing to award attorney's fees to Appellant.

Appellant and Appellee were originally married on March 10, 1960, in Fort Worth, Texas. In February 1970, this marriage was dissolved by a divorce decree. Custody of the parties' two minor children was awarded to Appellant, and Appellee was ordered to pay child support.

On April 9, 1979, Appellant and Appellee remarried. On August 2, 1979, Appellant took title to property on Coors Road (Coors property), in Albuquerque, New Mexico, "as a single woman". On October 2, 1979, Appellant executed a standard quitclaim deed, transferring title to the Coors property from herself to herself and Appellee. The deed did not specify the manner in which the property was to be held.

On August 12, 1980, Appellant filed for a dissolution of the 1979 marriage and asked for a judgment for child support arrearages. On October 31, 1980, Appellant amended the petition to request an annulment on the grounds that (1) at the time of the subsequent marriage of Appellant and Appellee, Appellee was married to one, Patricia Ann Jordan Allen (Jordan); (2) the marriage between Appellee and Jordan was consummated in the State of Texas; and, (3) there was presently, pending against Appellee, a petition for divorce in Texas entitled Patricia Ann Jordan Allen v. Weldon R. Allen.

The trial court concluded that Appellant and Appellee were validly married and that Appellant was entitled to a dissolution of her marriage to Appellee on grounds of incompatibility. The trial court awarded one-half ( 1/2) of the Coors property, as community property, to Appellee. Finally, the trial court found Appellee liable for an unspecified amount of arrearages for past due, but unpaid child support. The trial court ordered each party to pay their own costs and attorney's fees.

I. The Validity of the Marriage

The trial court determined that Appellee and Appellant were legally able to enter into a valid marriage on April 9, 1979. Appellant claims that the trial court erred and that her marriage to Appellee was invalid because he was married at that time to Jordan. We have held that "[i]n dual marriage situations, in which the validity of the second marriage is attacked on the basis of the first being a subsisting relationship at the time the second was contracted, the presumption of validity attaches to the second marriage." Panzer v. Panzer, 87 N.M. 29, 32, 528 P.2d 888, 891 (1974). Furthermore, the invalidity of the second marriage must be proven by clear and convincing evidence. Panzer v. Panzer, supra.

Appellant claims that she successfully attacked the presumption by relying on exemplified copies of Jordan's Texas divorce petition and final default decree as evidence to prove that her remarriage to Appellee was invalid. This evidence was admitted without objection by Appellee. On the other hand, Appellee refuted this presumption by denying under oath that he had ever been married to Jordan or had ever publicly held himself out as being married to Jordan.

Because Appellant did not meet her burden of proof by clear and convincing evidence, she was not entitled to have the trial court consider whether an annulment was appropriate. Panzer v. Panzer, supra. Therefore, we hold that there was substantial evidence to support the trial court's determination that the marriage between Appellant and Appellee was valid. First Nat. Bank in Albuquerque v. Enriquez, 96 N.M. 714, 634 P.2d 1266 (1981).

II. The Coors Property

The trial court found that the Coors property was purchased subsequent to the remarriage of Appellant and Appellee and concluded that the Coors property was community property. However, Appellant argues that the Coors property is her separate property and should have been awarded to her.

"Property in New Mexico takes its status as community or separate property at the time and by the manner of its acquisition." Lucas v. Lucas, 95 N.M. 283, 284, 621 P.2d 500, 501 (1981). While Section 40-3-12(A), N.M.S.A.1978, establishes a presumption that property acquired during marriage by either husband or wife to be community property, if the property's purchase can be traced to separate funds, then that property is owned as separate property. See Wiggins v. Rush, 83 N.M. 133, 489 P.2d 641 (1971). The Coors property is clearly identifiable as Appellant's separate property because it was uncontested that it was purchased by Appellant on August 2, 1979, with funds from her separate bank account in which Appellee admits he had absolutely no interest.

The trial court, however, found that a quitclaim deed executed by Appellant to herself and Appellee on October 2, 1979, was a valid instrument. This instrument is a standard quitclaim deed stating, "Sandra Allen [Appellant] for consideration paid, quitclaim to W. Ronald Allen [Appellee] and Sandra Allen [Appellant] whose address is 3925 Camino Del Valle, Albq. N.M...." (Emphasis added.) We must determine whether the trial court was correct in finding that by signing this deed, Appellant intended to transmute the Coors property from her separate property to community property.

Transmutation is a general term used to describe arrangements between spouses to convert property from separate property to community property and vice versa. W. Reppy & W. De Funiak, Community Property in the...